The tourism commission has conducted surveys of hotels in the most popular resorts, with the ultimate goal of reducing the guests who end up expressing overall dissatisfaction with the service in the hotels.


with the ultimate goal of reducing the guests who end up expressing overall dissatisfaction with the service in the hotels

with the goal to ultimately reduce the number of guests who end up expressing overall dissatisfaction with the hotels' service

ultimately with the goal to reduce expressions of overall dissatisfaction by the guests with the hotel service

in an ultimate attempt to reduce the number of guests that ends up expressing overall dissatisfaction with the hotels' service

with the ultimate goal of reducing the number of guests who express overall dissatisfaction with the hotels' service

考题讲解

题目分析:
本题较难,尤其是在判断goal of doing还是goal to do上,甚至有很多GMAT高手也会犯错。另外,hotels‘ service并没有错误。原则上,确实只有人才能用's型所有格,但这里的hotels其实是一种拟人化的说法,因为真正提供服务的,也不是酒店,而是酒店中的人。


选项分析:

A选项:减少(reduce)的宾语不正确。最终的目标应该是减少表达不满的顾客的“数量”,而不是减少顾客(顾客本身没法被减少,只有顾客的数量可以被减少)。

B选项:本选项中goal身后的定语不定式短语to reduce the number,但这是不正确的,应改为of reducing the number。本选项考查了“不定式和ing的区别”。本题主要的难度即在于此。可能很多同学会联想到当我们表达目的状语的时候,经常会用到不定式,例如:
To see you, I went to New York.
由此推广,认为此处也是目的,用不定式。这个推理错在哪里呢?其实主要的问题出现在这个ultimate上。不定式表达的是状态的转换,动名词表达的是一种过程,亦可以理解为是一种不变的状态。本题中即需要考虑,“旅游局实施了一个调查”这个事件的发生是否可以直接影响”减少不满意的顾客“这个事件的发生与否。显然地,减少不满意是最终目标,可能在通过一系列的步骤之后才会期望它的发生,毕竟是最终目的,实施调查后可能只会期望一个小目标的发生。换句话说,在主句发生后,reduce the number这件事依然处于一个很稳定的状态(依然不会发生),不会形成”从不发生到发生“的状态转换。
对比于普通的目的状语:
To see you, I went to New York.
例句中,我去了纽约之后(主句发生),从主观上我肯定是希望从“没看见你”变成“看见你”的,即,“看见你”是主句的直接目的,而并非最终目的,对比于:
With the ultimate goal of seeing you, I bought the flight ticket. 

C选项:to reduce the number应改为动名词短语,错误同(B);另外,本选项中reduce的宾语部分的核心词是expressions,这是不正确的。在逻辑上,被减少(reduce)的应该是顾客的数量而不是表达(expressions)。

D选项:
attempt和goal在本题中的意思上没什么区别,to reduce the number应改为动名词短语,错误同(B)。另外,请注意,that也可以修饰人,不必要改成who。当然,定语从句应该修饰的是guests,需要把ends up改为end up。

E选项:
Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。

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