Several industries have recently switched at least partly from older technologies powered by fossil fuels to new technologies powered by electricity. It is thus evident that less fossil fuel is being used as a result of the operations of these industries than would have been used if these industries had retained their older technologies.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?


Many of the industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies have increased their output.

Less fossil fuel was used to manufacture the machinery employed in the new technologies than was originally used to manufacture the machinery employed in the older technologies.

More electricity is used by those industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies than by those industries that have not switched.

Some of the industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies still use primarily technologies that are powered by fossil fuels.

The amount of fossil fuel used to generate the electricity needed to power the new technologies is less than the amount that would have been used to power the older technologies.

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考题讲解

情景：有些工厂从用化石燃料的老技术部分地转向了用电能的新技术。显然地，比起继续用老技术，这种改变使化石燃料用量减少。

推理：本题的前提和结论讲的是两件事，并且结论为果，所以为因果推理。
顺序的因果逻辑：因为用化石燃料的老技术部分地转向了用电能的新技术，所以这种改变使化石燃料用量减少
（因）前提：用化石燃料的老技术部分地转向了用电能的新技术
（果）结论：这种改变使化石燃料用量减少

选题方式：因果推理只有一个评估方向，简而言之，即（由于本题问的是加强，所以答案选项需在“取非”后满足），反驳推理文段中的结论。

选项分析：

A选项：发生这种改进的工厂产出增加了。结论讨论的是用料问题，不是产量问题。

B选项： 制造新技术的机器比制造老技术的机器需要的化石燃料更少。本选项讨论的是制造机器时的用料，不是机器运作时的用料。

C选项： 改进后的工厂用电量大于没改进的工厂。用电量增加并不意味着用化石燃料量增加。

D选项：有些只有部分改进的厂仍然用需化石燃料的老技术作为主要技术。本选项没有提及结论。

E选项： Correct. 启动发新技术并使之产电所需的化石燃料比启动老技术所需化石燃料少。若启动新技术所需的化石燃料多，则新技术不一定能减少总体化石燃料消耗量。

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