Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of the argument?
Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.
Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.
A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.
The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.
A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.
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治疗方法cost得更多 →这个方法不合理
削弱,此题中不用一因多果,最好引入干扰因素CQ2扰乱因果联系
A、治疗效果与时间长短对比,与cost 无关
B、住家与住院fall的影响对比,NM cost
C、fall是长期病,一些cost没有算进去(可能会cost很多很多,干扰因素),不用这个治疗方法可能会导致cost更多,CORRECT
D、新治疗方法的细节,优点及原因,NM cost
E、提到cost,但说的是新方法中cost的比例问题,与多少无关,且说治疗方法的cost有可能会涨,增强
削弱说明之前的11000有额外的花费
C中说跌倒会引起长期疼痛,长期疼痛所花的钱不在11000中,所以把说明真实花费比11000贵。
削弱:原先的技术也有别的成本(没有计入别的成本)
TIP:看到数字要敏感,很多题都是从数字算法入手
因果 P:新技术花费12500 大于急诊成本 C:所以不用新技术
反驳:急诊+其他花费大于12500 应用新技术
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This contract represents 20% of the company's annual revenue. 这份合约相当于公司20%的年收入。
A significant portion of the cost is represented by regular visits by health care professionals.成本的很大一部分是医疗护理专业人员的定期拜访支出。
choice a, 参加预防项目几个月的老人跌倒次数比那些参加了至少一年的老人跌倒次数要多。讨论的是预防项目的效果,无法反驳economically disadvantage
choice b, irrelevant
choice c,跌倒引起长期疼痛,疼痛治疗费用一般不会记入跌倒的药费中。correct,说明实际跌倒产生的医药费用高于$11,000
choice d ,irrelavent
choice e,新预防项目的一部分费用倾向于增加。加强了结论
反驳果 CQ2 急诊+其他花费大于12500 应用新技术
没读懂意思
C和D犹豫了很久选错了……
结论:因为 therapeutic program的费用12500超过了正常摔倒的治疗成本11000,所以这个program不好。因此要从cost上入手,D的话,推理文段也没有说emergency treatment就一定会导致overmedication,就算会overmedication而导致老人又摔倒,那我也还是宁愿花少的钱治疗,也不用 更贵的therapeutic program
有道理 感觉自己脑补过度了 谢谢回复~登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论