The professionalization of the study of history in the second half of the nineteenth century, including history's transformation from a literary genre to a scientific discipline, had important consequences not only for historians' perceptions of women but also for women as historians. The disappearance of women as objects of historical studies during this period has elements of irony to it. On the one hand, in writing about women, earlier historians had relied not on firsthand sources but rather on secondary sources; the shift to more rigorous research methods required that secondary sources be disregarded. On the other hand, the development of archival research and the critical editing of collections of documents began to reveal significant new historical evidence concerning women, yet this evidence was perceived as substantially irrelevant: historians saw political history as the general framework for historical writing. Because women were seen as belonging to the private rather than to the public sphere, the discovery of documents about them, or by them, did not, by itself, produce history acknowledging the contributions of women. In addition, genres such as biography and memoir, those forms of "particular history" that women had traditionally authored, fell into disrepute. The dividing line between "particular history" and general history was redefined in stronger terms, widening the gulf between amateur and professional practices of historical research.

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Which of the following best describes one of the "elements of irony" referred to in the highlighted text?


Although the more scientific-minded historians of the second half of the nineteenth century considered women appropriate subjects for historical writing, earlier historians did not.

Although archival research uncovered documentary evidence of women's role in history, historians continued to rely on secondary sources for information about women.

Although historians were primarily concerned with writing about the public sphere, they generally relegated women to the private sphere.

The scientific approach to history revealed more information about women, but that information was ignored.

The professionalization of history, while marginalizing much of women's writing about history, enhanced the importance of women as historical subjects.

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推断（Inference）
旨在考察我们对文章的深度理解，以及逻辑推断能力。

推断本题的高亮部分需要结合全部后文。因为高亮词所在的句子是个类似于总起句的句子。后面的“On one hand,……on the other hand”即是对原文高亮词所在句的解释。



选项分析：

A选项：虽然更多的科学头脑的19世纪后半叶历史学家认为女人是历史写作的合适主题，但是早期的历史学家不这么认为。该选项在文中没有涉及过，也没有证据说明19世纪后半叶的历史学家人文女性是历史写作的主题。原文中提到的“讽刺”也与这个无关。

B选项：尽管对档案的研究揭开了女性在历史上扮演的角色，但是历史学家们依然依靠二手资源来了解历史。文中写明职业化后的历史学家不用二手资料了，尽管更加科学的细致的查找资料却反而限制了资料的数量，所以依然用二手资料不是“职业化”，更不是其“讽刺”所在。

C选项：尽管历史学家主要关注是写公共领域，但是他们经常把女性归为私人领域。这个选项在文中可以找到定位“historians saw political history as the general framework for historical writing.  Because women were seen as belonging to the private rather than to the public sphere”但是作者所说的“讽刺”不在于此，这个只是第二个方面的一部分细节，不是总起句中“讽刺”的主要意思。

D选项：Correct。科学的研究历史的方法揭示了女性的更多信息，但是这些信息被忽略了。第一个方面作者说第二种信息源在严格的探究中需要被忽略，第二个方面作者说找到一些档案揭示女性的历史，但是这些历史被看做是无关的。所以，纵然信息多了，但是大部分都被忽略了。这个正是“讽刺”所在。

E选项：职业化的历史，虽然忽视了很多女性写的历史，增强了女性作为历史的主题的重要性。文中没有提到过职业化历史学家可以增加女性在历史主体中的重要性。属于无中生有。

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Prep2007E1-RC