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题库 / Prep2007E1-RC-53
What kinds of property rights apply to Algonquian family hunting territories, and how did they come to be? The dominant view in recent decades has been that family hunting territories, like other forms of private landownership, were not found among Algonquians (a group of North American Indian tribes) before contact with Europeans but are the result of changes in Algonquian society brought about by the European-Algonquian fur trade, in combination with other factors such as ecological changes and consequent shifts in wildlife harvesting patterns. Another view claims that Algonquian family hunting territories predate contact with Europeans and are forms of private landownership by individuals and families. More recent fieldwork, however, has shown that individual and family rights to hunting territories form part of a larger land-use system of multifamilial hunting groups, that rights to hunting territories at this larger community level take precedence over those at the individual or family level, and that this system reflects a concept of spiritual and social reciprocity that conflicts with European concepts of private property. In short, there are now strong reasons to think that it was erroneous to claim that Algonquian family hunting territories ever were, or were becoming, a kind of private property system.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
provide an explanation for an unexpected phenomenon
suggest that a particular question has yet to be answered
present a new perspective on an issue
defend a traditional view from attack
reconcile opposing sides of an argument
题目分析：
题目释义：
主旨题目
考点：
主旨（Main idea）
旨在考察我们对文章整体的把握程度，对文章的结构的分析能力和把控能力，以及对作者逻辑的判断。
文章一开始驳斥了两种传统观点，而后提出了自己的观点并作出总结，属于议论性的文章。
选项分析：
A选项： 提供对一个意外的现象的解释。文中提到的现象就是“property rights”现象，但作者并没有说这是个意外现象。
B选项：提出一个尚未被回答的问题。文中提到唯一的问题是“how did they come to be”。在文中已经被回答，只是作者认为回答的不正确。
C选项： Correct. 展示对一个事件的全新视角。作者对与文章一开始提出的问题做了一个全新的回答。前面驳斥的两个观点也是作者为了提出自己的观点而做出的铺垫。
D选项：防止一个传统的观点被攻击。作者在文中攻击两个传统观点，不是保护传统观点。
E选项：调和争论的双方。作者没有调和以往的争论，而是提出自己的观点。
B. 提出一个尚未被回答的问题，错误，只是有的新的发现，推翻了以前两个推论
More recent fieldwork, however, has shown that individual and family rights to hunting territories form part of a larger land-use system of multifamilial hunting groups, that rights to hunting territories at this larger community level take precedence over those at the individual or family level, and that this system reflects a concept of spiritual and social reciprocity that conflicts with European concepts of private property. 谁能帮忙解释一下这个句子结构到底怎么理解？
三个that的宾语从句并列
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我真的服了，什么版权限制搞得现在模考的时候题都能看结果看错题的时候只能看一半马赛克，这个bug能不能搞一下？今天第一次尝试这个平台，果断转战考满分了谢谢您嘞
文章一开始驳斥了两种传统观点，而后提出了自己的观点并作出总结，属于议论性的文章。
最后反驳了
In short, there are now strong reasons to think that it was erroneous to claim that Algonquian family hunting territories ever were, or were becoming, a kind of private property system.
反驳private property system
三个观点，最后一个作者观点反驳了前面两个观点，没有调和
以为是AB观点对比，结果从More recent fieldwork, However其实就是新观点的：否定前文关于 AHunting 是（B)和变成（A) PrPr的观点
前面现提出一个问题，然后说了dominaant and another view,反驳了之后说了recent fieldwork也就是自己的观点，前面两个是众所周知的后面是新的，也就是前两个是铺垫作用为了例证作者的观点，所以是展现对一个事件的全新视角。
In short, there are now strong reasons to think that it was erroneous to claim that Algonquian family hunting territories ever were, or were becoming, a kind of private property system.
reconcile调和，词汇硬伤啊
D选项也不好理解，defend ideas from attack：defend A from B即保护A（远离）B or 不受B的侵犯
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再读一遍就做对了。关键要读懂文章。
看了很久终于看出来新观点如何反驳dominant view的了…
The dominant view in recent decades has been that family hunting territories, like other forms of private landownership,
注意other forms of private landownership，言下之意就是家庭狩猎区自身就是私有制度的一种
关于Algonquian家庭狩猎区对应怎样的财产权，以及如何演变过来的。有几个看法：
-主流观点：由和欧洲人的fur trade带来的社会演变，加上其他因素所导致的
-另外观点：在与欧洲人接触之前就存在，是私有制的体现
-更新观点：家庭个人私有制组成了更大的多家庭狩猎、土地使用系统，这个系统反应的互惠互利是违背私有制的
C选项： Correct. 展示对一个事件的全新视角。作者对与文章一开始提出的问题做了一个全新的回答。前面驳斥的两个观点也是作者为了提出自己的观点而做出的铺垫。
铺垫！！！
C选项： Correct. 展示对一个事件的全新视角。作者对与文章一开始提出的问题做了一个全新的回答。前面驳斥的两个观点也是作者为了提出自己的观点而做出的铺垫。
注意最后一句话啊！！！
读的时候一直以为强调共有是在反驳第二个观点（在于欧洲人接触之前出现过private...），但其实最后一句话把两个都否了
In short, there are now strong reasons to think that it was erroneous to claim that Algonquian family hunting territories [ever were], [or were becoming], a kind of private property system.
fht exists before the advent of EU people |||| fht = private landownership
The dominant view ❌ ✅
Another view ✅ ✅
Author‘s view ✅ ❌
这段文章其实一共提出三个观点，前两个是引述，后面一个是文章观点。
前两个观点都承认family hunting territories是private landownership，区别在于前者认为欧洲人到来前，A人并未拥有这一private landownership，是和欧洲人的皮草贸易来带的社会变异以及生态环境等因素促成了A人拥有private landownership，后者认为欧洲人来之前，A人已经拥有private landownership。
第三个观点即文章观点：A人的确已经有了family hunting territories，但不属于private landownership。A人的family hunting territories是以几家合成的更大的community为单位，在精神上和社会上互利互惠，这和欧洲人语境下的private property完全不同，因此前两个观点把family hunting territories称作private landownership是错误的
明白为什么选C了
因为作者有明确观点，说之前两种看法是错误的，所以是提供了一个全新视角
但是，B选项“suggest that a particular question has yet to be answered”，不应该翻译为“表明一个问题，这个问题尚未被回答”吗。
suggest that是该翻译为“提出”吗？
原文开头先提出问题，但是结尾已经给出了作者观点，是回答问题了。
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文章一开始驳斥了两种传统观点，而后提出了自己的观点并作出总结，属于议论性的文章。
提出一个问题？
解释1(私有)
解释2(私有)
Present最新的证据削弱解释1和解释2的观点(私有)。
作者提出观点|不私有
总结一下，新老观点题的purpose都是提出new opinion
赞！
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