Thomas Eakins' powerful style and his choices of subject—the advances in modern surgery, the discipline of sport, the strains of individuals in tension with society or even with themselves—was as disturbing to his own time as it is compelling for ours.
was as disturbing to his own time as it is
were as disturbing to his own time as they are
has been as disturbing in his own time as they are
had been as disturbing in his own time as it was
have been as disturbing in his own time as
in standard english usage, "disturbing to X" is usually used only when X is a person whose sensibilities have been disturbed. so this sentence appears to imply that the time period itself was offended.
"have been" implies that those disturbances (or their effects) still continue to this day. that's not true - the sentence implies that the disturbance existed only in that time period - so the present perfect doesn't make sense.
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