In addition to her work on the Miocene hominid fossil record, Mary Leakey contributed to archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstakingly documenting East African cave paintings.
Leakey contributed to archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstakingly documenting
Leakey contributed to archaeology by her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and by painstakingly documenting
Leakey was a contributor to archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and with her painstaking documentation of
Leakey's contributions to archaeology include her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and her painstaking documentation of
Leakey's contributions to archaeology include discovering the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstaking documentation of
题目分析:
本题有一定的难度。in addition to的意思是:除…之外…。其连接的两个名词不一定要具有可比的关系,例如,我们可以说:
In addition to the tractor, we have acquired a new rice transplanter. (除了拖拉机,我们又添了一台插秧机。)
例句中的tractor显然和we是不可比的,但是这个例句是正确的。因此,不能用her work和Mary Leakey不可比排除掉选项(A)(B)(C)。
选项分析:
A选项:本选项在语法上没有问题。名词短语her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity和动名词短语documenting East African cave paintings是平行的,因为都可以算作名词短语。但是,我们应该将动名词短语documenting East African cave paintings改为名词短语her painstaking documentation of East African cave paintings,这点考查了名词和ing的区别。用之于本题,“记录下东非的洞穴壁画”在本句中显然是一个有时间终止点的行为,尤其是主句已经谈到Mary Leakey对考古的贡献了,贡献的东西,一定是在过去已经结束的事件。
B选项:动名词短语documenting East African cave paintings应改为名词短语her painstaking documentation of East African cave paintings,该错误同选项(A)。
C选项:本选项用了Mary Leakey was a contributor…with x and with y的句型,没有明确Mary Leakey的贡献与x、y之间的关系,be a contributor的意思同主谓关系不同。例如:
(1) I sing a song by my iPhone.
(2) I am a singer of a song by iPhone.
句(1)描述的是一个事件,句(2)则是对“我”的一个定义。句(2)的意思是,我是一个通过iPhone唱歌的歌手。言下之意是,我一般都是用iPhone唱歌的,不会登上舞台等等。
同理,本选项的意思是:Mary Leakey是一个利用发现和记录至于考古学的贡献者。言下之意是,Mary Leakey一般都是用她对于人类行为的发现和对于东非的洞穴壁画的记录来贡献于考古的,不会用其它方式对考古做贡献。显然地,通过题目中所给的信息,我们无法得到这样的结论。只能说,Mary Leakey做的一个事件,而不能给Mary Leakey定性。
D选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
E选项:动名词短语discovering the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity应改为名词短语her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity,该错误同理于选项(A)。
记得Manhattan说所有格形式不能被代词指代啊
Mary Leakey's 和 her 岂不是矛盾了?
her这里是所有格代词,指“她的”,所有格名词可以被所有格代词指代。如果这人恰好是男的,这里就是his
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the two items should ALSO be parallel to the item at the BEGINNING of the sentence (i.e., "her work...", following "in addition to"). the context dictates that all three of these items are parallel - they have equal priority and are mentioned in exactly the same context - so you have to make ALL of them parallel.
this means that you have trouble if the latter two (the ones in the underline) start with "by", since the first one (outside the underline) doesn't.
in the correct answer, you have three absolutely parallel items:
her work ...
her discovery ...
her painstaking documentation ...
all three of these are nouns. all three are preceded by the possessive "her". there is absolutely no question that they exhibit better parallelism than the version you've suggested (although yours does improve somewhat on the given answer choice).
and平行,C中主句意思与in addtion to的意思不贴合
AB. her work和Leakey并列,错误
C. Leakey是个contributor,错误
DE. 所有格形式的,是可以用her,his,its,their 等指代的,但是却不能用she,he/him,it等指代,故DE正确
E. discovery和documentation并列,错误
所有格形式的,是可以用her,his,its,their 等指代的,但是却不能用she,he/him,it等指代
用In addition to做这个题,纯属于是蒙对了。
1.平行,discovery和documenting是不平行的一对词组,documenting是一个simple gerund,不能跟action noun平行,只有complex gerund可以跟action noun平行。B也一样,by后面不平行,AB错。
2.措辞,include后面应该接名词,这里用doing不合适,应该加所有格。E错
3.逻辑推理,archaeology with,这里的with修饰的是archaeology,句意完全错误。而且前面用L was a contributor,也不是本来的句意,C错
1、这道题目中逻辑主语不是一个有问题的差一点
2、with表达出的伴随状态·在这里产生语意上的问题。with就只是表示一个伴随的感觉,很难在这里表示包括的意思,所以语意上有些问题。我在一开始做的时候也觉得这里有问题,但是误认为逻辑注意的不一致也是一个差异点,所以就排除了。
her work和后面her discovery and her documentation并列
若为In addition to X, Mary Leakey contributed to Y,则表示X不是contribution。事实上要搞清楚这个in addition to的意思,是除了work之外还有discovery和documentation,他们都导致了contribution
所以应该是In addition to X, Mary Leakey's contributions to Y include..
比较对象是her work,不是这个人
要明确Mary的贡献和X、Y的关系, 可以通过--Mary contributed to archaeology with/by X, and Y 在这里核心词为V contribute , with/by 后面所跟的X and Y 修饰核心词V contribute ; 或者通过May's contributions include X and Y 这里核心词变成了contributions 也是可以的。整个时间都应该是以contribute/contributions 作为核心的逻辑意义, 而不是Mary本身的一个属性。
in addition to的意思是:除…之外…。其连接的两个名词不一定要具有可比的关系
本选项用了Mary Leakey was a contributor…with x and with y的句型,没有明确Mary Leakey的贡献与x、y之间的关系,be a contributor的意思同主谓关系不同。例如:
(1) I sing a song by my iPhone.
(2) I am a singer of a song by iPhone.
句(1)描述的是一个事件,句(2)则是对“我”的一个定义。句(2)的意思是,我是一个通过iPhone唱歌的歌手。言下之意是,我一般都是用iPhone唱歌的,不会登上舞台等等。
同理,本选项的意思是:Mary Leakey是一个利用发现和记录至于考古学的贡献者。言下之意是,Mary Leakey一般都是用她对于人类行为的发现和对于东非的洞穴壁画的记录来贡献于考古的,不会用其它方式对考古做贡献。显然地,通过题目中所给的信息,我们无法得到这样的结论。只能说,Mary Leakey做的一个事件,而不能给Mary Leakey定性。
A.我们应该将动名词短语documenting East African cave paintings改为名词短语her painstaking documentation of East African cave paintings,这点考查了名词和ing的区别。用之于本题,“记录下东非的洞穴壁画”在本句中显然是一个有时间终止点的行为,尤其是主句已经谈到Mary Leakey对考古的贡献了,贡献的东西,一定是在过去已经结束的事件。
In addition to不是平行marker
ABE可以用平行排除
C选项中给Leakey下了定义,说他是一个用xxx来贡献的人,但是句子的意思单纯表明他做出过某些贡献,而不是在下定义,所以选D
与discovering/discovery对应的是documentation而不是painstaking...长点脑子。。
C和D靠语意排除,L是一个贡献者通过她做的某件事,L的贡献包括她做的某件事,我们在日常生活中也不会说xx是一个贡献者,后者更优。
E的错误在于介宾结构里,宾语doing和动名词没有加one's,介词后面只能跟名词,名词没有逻辑主语,要将名词与主语联系上,只能在前面加一个oen's,oen's doing sth或one's discovery
in addition to的意思是:除…之外…。其连接的两个名词不一定要具有可比的关系 In addition to an apple, I ate a pear.
错选c
仅cd前后结构比较match,c把贡献范围的可能性缩小了
in addition to的意思是:除…之外…。其连接的两个名词不一定要具有可比的关系