Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.
due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are
due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are
because they enhance reproduction or survival, but
because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are
because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are
题目分析:
本题较易错选(C)。本题的意思是:
很多生物的优势不是自然选择的产物,这些产物是为了增强繁殖和存活而产生的,而仅仅是其它进化的随机副产物。
选项分析:
A选项:平行触发语not...but...连接两者不平行,not身后没有从句,而but身后则是一个从句。另外,名词短语their enhancement of reproduction or survival需改为从句they enhance reproduction or survival,这点考查了名词和从句的区别。用之于本题,显然地,此处讲的“这些产物是为了增强繁殖和存活而产生的”并非陈述某个特定事件,而在陈述一个自然选择产物在来源方面的属性,因此肯定没有时间终止点,必须用从句的形式。
B选项:介词due to身后的名词短语的核心词为the reproduction or survival,但显然地,在逻辑上,产生产物的原因只能是“增强繁殖和存活”这件事,不能是“产物”本身。
C选项:本选项的迷惑度最高。一般来说,平行触发语not...but...连接的两者需要在逻辑上保证平行,本选项严格满足这个要求。但是,如果保证严格的平行,则but身后的副词simply只能修饰形容词random(在but身后根本看不到动词,自然只能认为是修饰形容词的了)。但这在逻辑上是不正确的。本题的意思是,优点不是为了生存的自然选择的产物,而“仅仅”是副产物。因此,simply必须修饰系动词are,不能修饰random(那样,意思就变成了“简单地随机”了)。
D选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。由于but身后补出了动词are,所以此时simply可以看作是修饰动词are的了,这在逻辑上是正确的。
E选项:介词because of身后的enhancing reproduction or survival是动名词短语,而动名词是没有“逻辑主语”的。但在本题中,被favor的必须是the products of natural selection,即,are favored在本题中必须有逻辑主语,否则无法满足语境中给出的逻辑关系。
D选项中的 favored because ... 到底是个什么结构呢?
(E) because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are
Though the structure is correct but not sure who is enhancing the "reproduction or survival"
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