2001 proved to be the automaker's first losing year since 1992, when the company had lost $7.4 billion, which was primarily because of almost $7 billion in accounting charges.
when the company had lost $7.4 billion, which was primarily because of
when the company had lost $7.4 billion, primarily resulting from
when the company lost $7.4 billion, primarily because of
which is when the company lost $7.4 billion, and that was primarily because of
which is when the company lost $7.4 billion, primarily resulting from
...but its meaning clashes fundamentally with the usage of comma + __ing.
if something results from 'X', then 'X' happens FIRST.
in the structure 'sentence + , + __ing...', the modifier NEVER describes something that happens before the main sentence.
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