The direction in which the Earth and the other solid planets—Mercury, Venus, and Mars—spins were determined from collisions with giant celestial bodies in the early history of the solar system.
spins were determined from
spins were determined because of
spins was determined through
spin was determined by
spin was determined as a result of
1、主干是the direction...was determined by collisions...;
2、定语从句中的主语是the earth and the other solid planets,谓语动词用复数
3、determine本身就含有as a result的意思 所以两个加起来用语义重复 而且wordy,且这里需要用表原因的表达。
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