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题库 / Prep2007E2-SC-23
Scientists believe that unlike the males of most species of moth, the male whistling moths of Nambung, Australia, call female moths to them by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract their mates during the day, rather than at night.
by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract
by the use of acoustical signals instead of using olfactory ones, and attracting
by using acoustical signals, not using olfactory ones, and by attracting
using acoustical signals, rather than olfactory ones, and attract
using acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and attracting
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伴随状语连接词省略问题：
because/as/since/if/while/when/ with/by/means等表示因为/如果/伴随/通过/意味着等逻辑连接词可以省略，although/whereas/as if等表示转折和省略后引起语意变化的连接词不可省略。
SUBJECT + ACTIVE VERB + BY + VERBing is generally correct, if "VERBing" is the method or process by which the ACTIVE VERB is carried out.
e.g.
i prepared for the test by studying flash cards --> CORRECT
i prepared for the test by the study of flash cards --> INCORRECT
on the other hand,
SUBJECT + PASSIVE VERB + BY + NOUN is an absolutely fundamental form, if the NOUN is the thing/person that did the action to the SUBJECT.
e.g.
james was seen by two witnesses. --> CORRECT
--
** the only exceptions to this occur in the case of special idiomatic expressions. for instance, "by candlelight" is a known idiomatic expression, so constructions such as "i studied by candlelight" are correct.
A的by the use错，只剩下D了
这种就是必须要看语义才能做对的题目登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
"rather than" can be used for essentially any part of speech at all.
they moved stiffly rather than gracefully (adverbs)
they moved to the left rather than to the right (prepositional phrases)
the car was red rather than blue (adjectives)
i bought a car rather than a truck (nouns) <–– this is the only sentence here that would work with 'instead of'
he chose to leave rather than continue arguing (infinitives)
SUBJECT + ACTIVE VERB + BY + VERBing is generally correct, if "VERBing" is the method or process by which the ACTIVE VERB is carried out.
e.g.
i prepared for the test by studying flash cards --> CORRECT
i prepared for the test by the study of flash cards --> INCORRECT
on the other hand,
SUBJECT + PASSIVE VERB + BY + NOUN is an absolutely fundamental form, if the NOUN is the thing/person that did the action to the SUBJECT.
e.g.
james was seen by two witnesses. --> CORRECT
--
** the only exceptions to this occur in the case of special idiomatic expressions. for instance, "by candlelight" is a known idiomatic expression, so constructions such as "i studied by candlelight" are correct.
Note that "using" is more flexible than other __ing words.
In fact, it's best to think of "using" as belonging to two different categories of words:
1/ It's an __ing word (= it can be used like other __ing words);
2/ It's a preposition, with a meaning largely similar to that of "with".
This is usage #2.
By the way, this distinction is immaterial here, because choice C (= the only choice with "by using") contains blatant non-parallelism.
Takeaways:
— Parallelism is the #1 error in SC. DO NOT think about other things before thinking about parallelism!
— If you're thinking about a small, nit-picky issue, STOP and ask yourself, "Am I being distracted from a larger issue?"
Here, "using"/"by using" is a distraction meant to take your eyes off of the parallelism. Looks like they got you.
the two MAIN VERBS in the sentence are "call" and "attract". THOSE two verbs should be parallel.
"using" is a MODIFIER that modifies the "call" clause. this is as it should be, since "using" is a subordinate idea (it just describes the way in which the calling is done - it's not another action parallel to the calling).
so "call" and "attract" SHOULD be parallel; these two verbs should NOT be parallel to "using".
A中the use of acoustical signals和olfactory ones不并列，排除
by the use of错误登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
2."instead of" is generally restricted to NOUNS.
"rather than" can be used for essentially ANY part of speech at all.
3.SUBJECT + ACTIVE VERB + BY + NOUN is generally incorrect.**
SUBJECT + ACTIVE VERB + BY + VERBing is generally correct, if "VERBing" is the method or process by which the ACTIVE VERB is carried out.
SUBJECT + PASSIVE VERB + BY + NOUN is an absolutely fundamental form, if the NOUN is the thing/person that did the action to the SUBJECT.
By the use of 是不对的，因为只看主干就成了“通过使用”并没有说清楚使用什么
C: 考虑平行结构，call XXX by attract XX， 句意错误
D: 正确，call和attract 平行
E: using 状语修饰Call， 但是attracting不是做状语修饰call的
R：sb do sth by doing sth; W: sb do sth by sth；R:sb/sth was done by sb/sth，例外：i studied by candlelight
如果是平行那就是call and attract
不能call by attracting
不能call by attracting，attract by calling还差不多，提主干。
by the use of 。。。是错误的
rather than前后平行
call、attract平行
that引导宾语从句时，that能不能省略的问题：宾语从句前有插入成分时不能省略，如：and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句的that不能省略；
i prepared for the test by the study of flash cards --> INCORRECT