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题库 / Prep2007E2-SC-23
Scientists believe that unlike the males of most species of moth, the male whistling moths of Nambung, Australia, call female moths to them by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract their mates during the day, rather than at night.
by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract
by the use of acoustical signals instead of using olfactory ones, and attracting
by using acoustical signals, not using olfactory ones, and by attracting
using acoustical signals, rather than olfactory ones, and attract
using acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and attracting
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male call female moths to them using acoustical signals，using作状语
伴随状语连接词省略问题：
because/as/since/if/while/when/ with/by/means等表示因为/如果/伴随/通过/意味着等逻辑连接词可以省略，although/whereas/as if等表示转折和省略后引起语意变化的连接词不可省略。
注意平行
SUBJECT + ACTIVE VERB + BY + NOUN is generally incorrect.**
SUBJECT + ACTIVE VERB + BY + VERBing is generally correct, if "VERBing" is the method or process by which the ACTIVE VERB is carried out.
e.g.
i prepared for the test by studying flash cards --> CORRECT
i prepared for the test by the study of flash cards --> INCORRECT
on the other hand,
SUBJECT + PASSIVE VERB + BY + NOUN is an absolutely fundamental form, if the NOUN is the thing/person that did the action to the SUBJECT.
e.g.
james was seen by two witnesses. --> CORRECT
--
** the only exceptions to this occur in the case of special idiomatic expressions. for instance, "by candlelight" is a known idiomatic expression, so constructions such as "i studied by candlelight" are correct.
attract的平行对象才是重点，BCE直接排除。
A的by the use错，只剩下D了
这种就是必须要看语义才能做对的题目
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"instead of" is generally restricted to nouns.
"rather than" can be used for essentially any part of speech at all.
they moved stiffly rather than gracefully (adverbs)
they moved to the left rather than to the right (prepositional phrases)
the car was red rather than blue (adjectives)
i bought a car rather than a truck (nouns) <–– this is the only sentence here that would work with 'instead of'
he chose to leave rather than continue arguing (infinitives)
SUBJECT + ACTIVE VERB + BY + NOUN is generally incorrect.**
SUBJECT + ACTIVE VERB + BY + VERBing is generally correct, if "VERBing" is the method or process by which the ACTIVE VERB is carried out.
e.g.
i prepared for the test by studying flash cards --> CORRECT
i prepared for the test by the study of flash cards --> INCORRECT
on the other hand,
SUBJECT + PASSIVE VERB + BY + NOUN is an absolutely fundamental form, if the NOUN is the thing/person that did the action to the SUBJECT.
e.g.
james was seen by two witnesses. --> CORRECT
--
** the only exceptions to this occur in the case of special idiomatic expressions. for instance, "by candlelight" is a known idiomatic expression, so constructions such as "i studied by candlelight" are correct.
Either "using" or "by using" would be fine.
Note that "using" is more flexible than other __ing words.
In fact, it's best to think of "using" as belonging to two different categories of words:
1/ It's an __ing word (= it can be used like other __ing words);
2/ It's a preposition, with a meaning largely similar to that of "with".
This is usage #2.
By the way, this distinction is immaterial here, because choice C (= the only choice with "by using") contains blatant non-parallelism.
Takeaways:
— Parallelism is the #1 error in SC. DO NOT think about other things before thinking about parallelism!
— If you're thinking about a small, nit-picky issue, STOP and ask yourself, "Am I being distracted from a larger issue?"
Here, "using"/"by using" is a distraction meant to take your eyes off of the parallelism. Looks like they got you.
Ron：you can't just make random words parallel. parallelism is restricted to words that actually represent PARALLEL CONCEPTS in the sentence.
the two MAIN VERBS in the sentence are "call" and "attract". THOSE two verbs should be parallel.
"using" is a MODIFIER that modifies the "call" clause. this is as it should be, since "using" is a subordinate idea (it just describes the way in which the calling is done - it's not another action parallel to the calling).
so "call" and "attract" SHOULD be parallel; these two verbs should NOT be parallel to "using".
call和attract并列，只剩AD
A中the use of acoustical signals和olfactory ones不并列，排除
by the use of错误
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1.the two MAIN VERBS in the sentence are "call" and "attract".
2."instead of" is generally restricted to NOUNS.
"rather than" can be used for essentially ANY part of speech at all.
3.SUBJECT + ACTIVE VERB + BY + NOUN is generally incorrect.**
SUBJECT + ACTIVE VERB + BY + VERBing is generally correct, if "VERBing" is the method or process by which the ACTIVE VERB is carried out.
SUBJECT + PASSIVE VERB + BY + NOUN is an absolutely fundamental form, if the NOUN is the thing/person that did the action to the SUBJECT.
理解逻辑，call和attract并列
call attract平行
AD 区分：acoustical 听觉的，olfactory 嗅觉的
By the use of 是不对的，因为只看主干就成了“通过使用”并没有说清楚使用什么
C: 考虑平行结构，call XXX by attract XX， 句意错误
D: 正确，call和attract 平行
E: using 状语修饰Call， 但是attracting不是做状语修饰call的
C/D：考平行。do sth by …，rather than by…，and do sth during the day，rather than at night。
R：sb do sth by doing sth; W: sb do sth by sth；R:sb/sth was done by sb/sth，例外：i studied by candlelight
要看call和attract是不是平行的
如果是平行那就是call and attract
不能call by attracting
call female moths to them using acoustical signals，using做伴随状语修饰call，如何呼唤？用信号来呼唤
不能call by attracting，attract by calling还差不多，提主干。
又是一道容易错的题目
by the use of 。。。是错误的
rather than前后平行
call、attract平行
A，and they attract 与主句科学家相信并列，并列错误。如果要与第一个从句并列，要加and that they attract
that引导宾语从句时，that能不能省略的问题：宾语从句前有插入成分时不能省略，如：and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句的that不能省略；
D call 和 attract平行；错选E，没理解好句意。合理句义是：呼唤和吸引。 而不是 通过吸引来呼唤。
i prepared for the test by studying flash cards --> CORRECT
i prepared for the test by the study of flash cards --> INCORRECT