Scientists believe that unlike the males of most species of moth, the male whistling moths of Nambung, Australia, call female moths to them by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract their mates during the day, rather than at night.
by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract
by the use of acoustical signals instead of using olfactory ones, and attracting
by using acoustical signals, not using olfactory ones, and by attracting
using acoustical signals, rather than olfactory ones, and attract
using acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and attracting
Ron:you can't just make random words parallel. parallelism is restricted to words that actually represent PARALLEL CONCEPTS in the sentence.
the two MAIN VERBS in the sentence are "call" and "attract". THOSE two verbs should be parallel.
"using" is a MODIFIER that modifies the "call" clause. this is as it should be, since "using" is a subordinate idea (it just describes the way in which the calling is done - it's not another action parallel to the calling).
so "call" and "attract" SHOULD be parallel; these two verbs should NOT be parallel to "using".
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