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题库 / Prep2008E1-CR-112
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
When people engage in activities that help others, their brain releases endorphins, the brain's natural opiates, which induce in people a feeling of well-being. It has been suggested that regular release of endorphins increases people's longevity, and a statistic on adults who regularly engage in volunteer work helping others shows that they live longer, on average, than adults who do not volunteer. However, that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does not boost longevity, because __________.
in the communities studied, women were much more likely to do regular volunteer work than men were, and women tend to live longer than men do
the number of young adults who do regular volunteer work is on the increase
the feelings of well-being induced by endorphins can, at least for a time, mask the symptoms of various conditions and diseases, provided the symptoms are mild
it is rare for a person to keep up a regular schedule of volunteer work throughout his or her life
some people find that keeping a commitment to do regular volunteer work becomes a source of stress in their lives
情景：当人们帮助别人时，大脑会释放出一种让人感觉很爽的物质。凡是经常性参加志愿工作的人都会比不参加的人更加长寿。但是，就算是志愿工作不能导致人们长寿，这个数据也依然会是这样。
答案预估：
直接解释为何“就算是志愿工作不能导致人们长寿，这个数据也依然会是这样”的即可。
选项分析：
A选项：Correct. 在被研究的社区，女性相较于男性更有可能做经常性的志愿工作，而女性的平均寿命要长于男性。本选项解释了为什么参加志愿工作的人长寿，即，因为女性本来活的时间就长。也就是说，即便志愿活动和长寿无关，数据也依旧如此。
B选项：做经常性的志愿者工作的年轻人人数正在增加。年轻人并不代表活的时间长。
C选项：如果症状比较轻微的话，那么多巴胺所带来的良好的感觉，至少一次，可以掩盖住很多情况和疾病的症状。本选项没有提到“长寿”的问题，可以排除。
D选项：对于一个人来说，很难在他的一生中一直做经常性的志愿工作。本选项没有提到“长寿”的问题，可以排除。
E选项：有些人发现，做经常性的志愿工作会变成一种压力的来源。没有理由相信压力会导致短寿。
要反驳 即便 长寿与做志愿者无关，数据也会显示 志愿工作者更长寿 言下之意就是 在志愿工作之前他们就可能更加长寿
志愿服务不会让人长寿
但是 做了志愿服务的人真的更长寿
那么唯一的解释就是 志愿服务的人 拥有性质A 恰巧同时拥有 B（志愿服务）
A选项就是给出了性质A 女性天生就比男性更加长寿
that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does not boost longevity就算是志愿工作不能导致人们长寿，这个数据也依然会是这样。
前面不是说就算志愿活动不能导致长寿，那为什么选项又说女人比男人多做志愿活动女人就长寿了，那不是和题干不一样吗？
that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does not boost longevity: 即使志愿服务并不能延长寿命，这一统计数字也是我们所期望的
误解长难句，and后面是新的描述女性的句子，女性本来就活的久，不是前一句做志愿者的女性的修饰。
A选项：Correct. 在被研究的社区，女性相较于男性更有可能做经常性的志愿工作，而女性的平均寿命要长于男性。本选项解释了为什么参加志愿工作的人长寿，即，因为女性本来活的时间就长，属于CQ4：独立第三因素问题。
However, that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does not boost longevity, because
虽然如此，那个统计会展示出我们想要的东西（志愿工作能使人长寿）即便志愿工作不导致长寿，因为
However, that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does not boost longevity, because
虽然如此，那个统计会展示出我们想要的东西（志愿工作能使人长寿）即便志愿工作不导致长寿，因为
that statistic would be what we would expect
独立第三因素
他因削弱
this is functionally equivalent to "weaken the conclusion that volunteering boosts longevity".
notice that "weaken the conclusion" questions usually involve UNDERMINING ASSUMPTIONS.
in that light, most insights into "find the assumption" questions are also valuable in considering "weaken the conclusion" questions.
however, there is no causation at work here (churches don't cause murders, and murders don't cause the building of churches), because both of these factors are caused by a third factor: the SIZE of the city. (IE larger cities have both more churches and more murders.)
in this case, the sex of the volunteers is the "third, not considered, thing" that destroys the hypothesis of causal connection between volunteerism and long life.
a) the causation actually runs the other way around (i.e., the passage concludes that X causes Y, but in actuality Y causes X);(b) the two correlated things are both results of some third, not considered, confounding factor.as an example of (b):there is a strong correlation between the # of churches and the # of murders in american cities: the more churches, the more murders.
Refer to Ron's explanation basically, * the passage has noticed a CORRELATION between volunteerism and long life.* the passage is questioning the notion that volunteerism CAUSES longer life. takeaway: in any passage that takes CORRELATION and concludes CAUSATION, that connection can be destroyed if either:(
看到women就觉得跟题目无关，a都没看完就直接排除了...
注意 E 只说了压力 压根没说长寿 不能臆想！ C同理 完全没说长寿 而且 即便与原文再契合 哪怕是只差一两个单词 不符合CQ就是错的
in the communities studied, women were much more likely to do regular volunteer work than men were, and women tend to live longer than men do
注意A的表达啊！！women tend to live longer是在用一般现在时说明一个事实，和前面的描述没有因果关系 前面甚至用的是women were ...
相关因果关系
他因削弱：不是由于志愿工作导致的，而是由于调查的女性多 女性活的长！