Technological improvements and reduced equipment costs have made converting solar energy directly into electricity far more cost-efficient in the last decade. However, the threshold of economic viability for solar power (that is, the price per barrel to which oil would have to rise in order for new solar power plants to be more economical than new oil-fired power plants) is unchanged at thirty-five dollars.
Which of the following, if true, does most to help explain why the increased cost-efficiency of solar power has not decreased its threshold of economic viability?
The cost of oil has fallen dramatically.
The reduction in the cost of solar-power equipment has occurred despite increased raw material costs for that equipment.
Technological changes have increased the efficiency of oil-fired power plants.
Most electricity is generated by coal-fired or nuclear, rather than oil-fired, power plants.
When the price of oil increases, reserves of oil not previously worth exploiting become economically viable.
情景:技术进步和减少的设备成本让太阳能转换电能变得更有效率。但是,经济可行性阈值却完全没有变化。
推理:直接解释however身后的部分即可。
本题其实比较重要的问题是把什么叫经济可行性阈值看懂。阈值本身虽然是一种价格差,但是其本质是成本效益的比较。题目中所给出的经济可行性的阈值表示:“如果令某种方式在经济效益上超过火电,那么火电每桶油需要上升多少钱”。
选项分析:
A选项:油价下降了很多。在推理文段中,其实油价是一个量度的标准,真正比较的是经济效益。
B选项:尽管将太阳能转化为电能的器材原料价格变高,但是这种器材的成本还是下降了。本选项在解释前提中“减少的设备成本”。
C选项:Correct. 技术的革新增加了火电的经济效益。本选项直接谈及经济效益,可以有效的解释现象。
D选项:大部分的电力是来自于煤电和核电而不是火电的。本选项和待解释的现象无关。
E选项:当油价上涨的时候,有些以前不值得开发的储油地也开始变得值得开发了。本选项和待解释的现象无关。
要保证太阳能和石油火力发电的cost-efficiency一致:
10年前:1桶油10刀,若发一度电需要:太阳能35刀,火力发电1桶油,则油价需升至35/桶
10年后:1桶油10刀,若发一度电需要:太阳能17.5刀,火力发电1桶油,则油价仅需升至17.5/桶
或
10年后:1桶油10刀,若发一度电需要:太阳能17.5刀,火力发电半桶油 ,则油价仍需升至35/桶
或
10年后:1桶油10刀,若发一度电需要:太阳能17.5刀,火力发电2桶油,则油价需降至8.75/桶
转自http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7ce2067c01013jll.html
太阳能发电如果省钱了,也就是说发一度电的成本下降了,那么(原本调高了让两发电厂cost-efficiency一致的)油价应该下跌,以保证石油火力发电发一度电的成本与其保持一致;但问题是没有下跌。而这时,如果石油火力发电也变得更省钱了,也就是说发一度电不需要以前那么多油了,这时油价不变,同样也可以保证两者保持一致。
这道题rise to到底是涨到多少钱还是要涨多少钱呢?
涨到多少钱。
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the price per barrel to which oil would have to rise in order for new solar power plants to be more economical than new oil-fired power plants)
这句话难懂。
结论:太阳能的threshold不变。这个threshold是太阳能效益和new oil-fired power plants的比较,评估方向就是从new oil-fired power plants。
注意点:
1. 每发一桶油度电,太阳能需要35$more than oil plants to keep equal economical-.
2. total plant's cost. (oil price is only part of it, which includes labor cost, operation cost...)