Prior to 1965 geologists assumed that the two giant rock plates meeting at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction as they grind past each other, but in 1965 Henyey found that temperatures in drill holes near the fault were not as elevated as had been expected. Some geologists wondered whether the absence of friction-generated heat could be explained by the kinds of rock composing the fault. Geologists' pre-1965 assumptions concerning heat generated in the fault were based on calculations about common varieties of rocks, such as limestone and granite; but "weaker" materials, such as clays, had already been identified in samples retrieved from the fault zone. Under normal conditions, rocks composed of clay produce far less friction than do other rock types.
In 1992 Byerlee tested whether these materials would produce friction 10 to 15 kilometers below the Earth's surface. Byerlee found that when clay samples were subjected to the thousands of atmospheres of pressure they would encounter deep inside the Earth, they produced as much friction as was produced by other rock types. The harder rocks push against each other, the hotter they become; in other words, pressure itself, not only the rocks' properties, affects frictional heating. Geologists therefore wondered whether the friction between the plates was being reduced by pockets of pressurized water within the fault that push the plates away from each other.
According to the passage, Henyey's findings in 1965 were significant because they
revealed an error in previous measurements of temperature in the San Andreas Fault zone
indicated the types of clay present in the rocks that form the San Andreas Fault
established the superiority of a particular technique for evaluating data concerning friction in the San Andreas Fault
suggested that geologists had inaccurately assumed that giant rock plates that meet at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction
confirmed geologists' assumptions about the amount of friction generated by common varieties of rocks, such as limestone and granite
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正确答案是 D。因为文章指出,1965年Henyey的发现意味着地质学家对圣安德烈亚断层产生热量的假定是不正确的。他们此前假设,由石灰岩和花岗岩组成的巨大岩板会相互摩擦产生热量,但事实上发现这一区域的钻孔地温并未升高到预期水平。Henyey的发现引起研究人员的注意,而他们发现并不是因为板块间的摩擦引起热量,而是因为其中含有黏土类岩石,其受压状态下的摩擦系数远低于普通的花岗岩和石灰岩等岩石。
1.第一句说了,是科学家的一个假设Prior to 1965 geologists assumed that,所以A revealed an error in previous measurements和 Dsuggested that geologists had inaccurately assumed that
2.A 中说的是测量犯法的error,文中未提测量方法
A 揭露了在温度测量上的错误 原文H发现温度没有之前预测的上升的那么多 并不是说地理学家测量有问题
geologists assumed that。。, but
前后转折,assume的内容就是D 从句里的内容 几乎重现
but转折词表示后面的发现和前面的理论不一致
这道题徘徊了一下 a和d ,一开始感觉这俩谁也不太对。 还是选错了。没有仔细看。
geologists assumed that ...generate heat through friction as they grind past each other, but …H found that temperatures…
D、suggested that geologists had inaccurately assumed that...这表明地质学家错误地认为...
注意转折词but,代表H的观点与前面的不一致,前面的内容是Prior to 1965 geologists assumed that the two giant rock plates meeting at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction as they grind past each other,D几乎就是这句的同义改写