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题库 / Prep2008E1-SC-182
The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.
using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced
using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced
by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing
by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced
which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing
题目分析：
破折号中的using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings是插入语，不影响主干结构，因此本题的主干为：
The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign that has convinced the Department of Agriculture
选项分析：
A选项：定语从句that have convinced the Department of Agriculture的先行词应为a successful grassroots campaign，即，这个草根运动劝服了the Department of Agriculture。因此，由于campaign是单数，所以应将have convinced改为单数动词has convinced。另外，also是副词，表示“也”，和并列连词and之间在语意上重复。
B选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
C选项：介词短语in convincing the Department of Agriculture需改为定语从句 that has convinced the Department of Agriculture。这是因为，介词身后只能是动名词短语，而动名词短语在字面上没有主语。例如，我们说，a bag for sleeping，这个词的意思是，睡袋。这完全不等同于a bag that sleeps（一个bag没法睡觉）。在本题语境下，发出convince这个动作的肯定是a successful grassroots campaign，即，草根运动劝服了政府，因此必须用定语从句。
D选项：并列连词and不能换为as well as，as well as使mass mailings与前两项变为从属或递进关系，而在逻辑上，网站，公众集会，广发邮件应是单纯的并列关系。
E选项：介词短语in convincing the Department of Agriculture错误同(C)。
笔记-插入语：
1. 形容词或形容词短语作插入语，worst still, sure enough, strange, most important of all等。例句：Strange, there is nobody in the classroom.
2. 副词或副词短语作插入语。personally, honestly, fortunately, luckily, for us, though, besides, exactly, surely, frankly, still otherwise 等。
3. 介词短语作插入语。of course, in short, as a matter of fact, by the way, On the contrary, on the other hand, in my opinion, in conclusion等。
4. 现在分词短语作插入语。generally speaking, judging from/ by ..., talking of..., considering...等。例句：Considering his age, he did very well.
5. 过去分词短语作插入语。例句：Painted white, we like the house better.
解析：之所以称它为插入语，是由于这种过去分词是独立的，没有逻辑主语。
6. 动词不定式作插入语。to be sure, to be frank（坦率地说）,to tell you the truth（说实话）,so to speak（可以说）等。
7. 代词词组作插入语。all the same（尽管如此）,all told（总共）,all in all（总的来说）等。
8. 句子：I say /hear, I think /hope / believe, you know / see, what’s more, that is (to say), I’m afraid, do you think / suppose等。
例句：It’s a great mistake, I think, not to accept their proposal.
9. 从句：if so / not / any, if I may say so, if you don’t mind, as you know, as you say 等。
例句：This man, as you know, is good for nothing.
10. 用标点符号引导插入语。例句：He was (strange as it seems) an excellent sportsman.
the problem with (c) is NOT grammatical; the grammar of (c) is just fine.
the problem with (c) is that it uses two different transitions incorrectly.
* if you say "subject + clause + BY VERBing", then "by VERBing" must explain HOW the main clause occurred.
e.g.
i prepared for the test by reviewing takeaways on the MGMAT forums.
note that the boldface clause describes HOW i prepared for the test.
choice (c) means that using websites, etc. was how the industry organized the campaign -- in other words, they used the websites and public meetings to organize the campaign in the first place. that's an incorrect meaning.
(the campaign ITSELF used these things; the correct modifier in (a) and (b) shows that relationship.)
* if you say "subject + clause + IN VERBing", then subject + clause must be an ACTUAL PART of the action of VERBing.
e.g.
i solved all the problems in OG12 in preparing for the GMAT.
--> notice that solving the problems IS ACTUALLY PART OF preparing for the test.
choice (c) fails here, too, since organizing the campaign (the main clause) is not ACTUALLY PART OF convincing the government.
choice (e) has two problems.
the first is "in convincing", which is wrong for the same reason why it's wrong in choice (c). see above.
the other is incorrect verb tense. "which used" (simple past tense) shouldn't be in a tense occurring prior to "has organized" (present perfect). this construction mistakenly suggests that the campaign "used X, Y, and Z" before it was even organized in the first place.
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