Despite recent increases in sales and cash flow that have propelled automobile companies' common stocks to new highs, several industry analysts expect automakers, in order to conserve cash, to set dividends more conservatively than they were
to set dividends more conservatively than they were
to set dividends more conservatively than they have been
to be more conservative than they have been in setting dividends
that they will be more conservative than they were in setting dividends
that they will be more conservative than they have been to set dividends
题目分析:
略。
选项分析:
A选项:抛开插入语 in order to conserve cash,本选项主干为:
several industry analysts expect automakers to set dividends more conservatively than they were
在逻辑上,需要比较的对象应为“预期中的制造商的派放股利行为”和“制造商曾经的派放股利行为”。因此,than身后应改为than they have done。
B选项:本选项错误同(A)。
C选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
D选项:从句that they will be more conservative需改为不定式短语to be more conservative。这点考查了不定式和从句的区别。用之于本题,由于发生这种变化的部分为expect的宾语的补足语,所以应根据expect的约束力判断。显然地,expect的约束力较强,宾补需用不定式的形式。
E选项:本选项错误同(D)。
A、B: than they were语法错
D、E:that引导的是宾语从句,expect后面等同于双宾语;一般带双OO的是传递类动词
A & B选项问题在于than后面的they were/have been, 都跟前面to do 不平行
AB:than they be❌ 前面动词是set 比较省略时应为than they do
并且注意AB选项和C的区别,AB中的中心词在to set dividend 但是C是 be conservative,这也决定了他们省略的词是不一样的
注意:出现比较的时候,被省略的部分一定是在原句中present的成分,完完全全一样的成分。
所以一定要补全看!!
DE错在 expect sb that SOV...(第一边做的时候没注意到这个that从句不对)
by contrast, choice (c) is a-ok on this point. this choice also contains "...than they have been (__________)", where the parallel concept, "(more) conservative", actually appears elsewhere in the sentence.
this kills choice (b). that choice ends with "...than they have been", which omits a participle: in other words, it's actually "...than they have been ______", where the ______ is clearly seen to be setting (dividends).
since the EXACT WORD setting doesn't appear anywhere else in this sentence, the sentence is incorrect.
whenever you use a parallel structure with omitted/elided words, the EXACT omitted word(s) MUST be present, IN PARALLEL STRUCTURE, elsewhere in the sentence. this means in exactly the same form - no alterations, no tense changes, no nothing.
set原型助动词do 所以应该did 或have done AB错误
C to be 和haven been对应
为什么不用to set dividends more conservatively 因为这里比较的是副词 而 AB 后面的than比较的都不是副词 用C的to be more conservatively 比较的是形容词而后面比的也是形容词
mark 下前面的解释:
“当句子expect automakers出现时,一定是强约束力,所以永远是expect sb to do sth. 但是,如果要在后面加that 或者名词,就要直接跟在expect的后面而不是expect automakers that....立刻减弱了expect内在的“强势”的内涵。”
1_several industry analysts (主语) expect (谓语) automakers... to do sth... expect that ....留下abc
2_more than 比较的情况下,预判什么比什么? 过去对分红的态度 vs. 现在的态度, a/b均是比较 “现在分红的态度 vs. 过去的人”,
比较对象错误。 有比较的情况一定要想明白什么比较什么。
仔细研究了一下expect这个词,Expect除了有期待的意思还有预计/估计的意思,不管是哪种情况,这个词在英文中暗含了——这个事情很有可能会发生的含义。所以,她的约束力都是强的。甚至当你说I expect sth....this implies that you believe it is your right to have that. 所以在这种情况下,当句子expect automakers出现时,一定是强约束力,所以永远是expect sb to do sth. 但是,如果要在后面加that 或者名词,就要直接跟在expect的后面而不是expect automakers that....立刻减弱了expect内在的“强势”的内涵。
RON: whenever you use a parallel structure with omitted words, the exact ommited words must be present ,in parallel structure, elsewhere in the sentence.—no alternations, no tense changes, no nothing.
这是A.B 错的原因, 补充完整B than they have been setting dividents, 而setthing 并没有出现在前面的句子中, 所以错误。改成have done 就对了
C. expect to 是idiom 表示将来, have been表示 a trend that continues up to the present date.
平行讲究的是 as good as it possibly can be.
B这里改成have done怎么理解呢:是have set结束,done指set,还是have done set又省略了呢?
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expect: 认为某事会发生,约束力强
C选项是 be conservative”与“have been”都是系动词所以可比较吗
AB的错误在于,在比较结构中,后面想省略的内容,前面至少出现过一次。而AB选项,无论是they were还是they have been后面显然不可能省略的是to set这个不定式,因此省略的内容不一致,前面也没有出现过,所以错误。
第二次又选了D;
expect的约束力较强,宾补需用不定式的形式
老师我想问一下A中than前后比较的话有些时候需要补足they后面的动词,有些时候不需要。比如这题,为什么是have done而非were?我的理解是这件事他们以前做过并且已经做好了,这是过去的一个保持稳定的状态,所以用were。虽然have done我可以理解,但是还是无法排除were这个错误选项,麻烦老师开解开解,谢谢!
是这样的,than后面的内容要根据前面的比较对象来定,这道题a选项前面说的是set dividends more conservatively,set是动词而非像c选项的to be more conservative中的be(系动词);因此,a、b选项的than后面加do,而非were
明白了,谢谢!
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不是您上课讲过看法类动词比如wish、hope、expect主动语态约束力弱,被动语态约束力强吗?
在本句中的分析就是分析师预期(expect),但是并不能直接影响后面事情的发生呀?
全串了。这三个词哪儿是看法类动词啊。。。
- expect, wish, hope 这组近义词中expect约束力强,wish、hope约束力弱
- 看法类动词如believe、think、know,在主动语态下约束力弱,在被动语态下约束力变强
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