Two computer companies, Garnet and Renco, each pay Salcor to provide health insurance for their employees. Because early treatment of high cholesterol can prevent strokes that would otherwise occur several years later, Salcor encourages Garnet employees to have their cholesterol levels tested and to obtain early treatment for high cholesterol. Renco employees generally remain with Renco only for a few years, however. Therefore, Salcor lacks any financial incentive to provide similar encouragement to Renco employees.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
Early treatment of high cholesterol does not eliminate the possibility of a stroke later in life.
People often obtain early treatment for high cholesterol on their own.
Garnet hires a significant number of former employees of Renco.
Renco and Garnet have approximately the same number of employees.
Renco employees are not, on average, significantly younger than Garnet employees.
情景:Garnet和 Renco都会向Salcor付费来给自己的员工上保险。因为胆固醇数值高可能在日后导致中风,所以Salcor忽悠Garnet和Renco都来检测胆固醇量。由于Renco的雇员仅仅会在Renco停留几年(在职时间比较短),所以Salcor可能没有兴趣让Renco的员工去检测他们的胆固醇。
推理:
前提:Renco的雇员仅仅会在Renco停留几年(在职时间比较短,保险公司一般不会出险)
结论:Salcor可能没有财务兴趣让Renco的员工去检测他们的胆固醇
答案预估:
那些“Salcor可能没有财务兴趣”的其它必要条件(常理上能保真推理出的一切结果)不存在。
选项分析:
A选项:早期治疗高胆固醇并不能消除掉之后的生命中患上中风的可能。本选项描述的是治疗后的效果,但是不能反驳结论中的员工在几年内不会发病的问题。
B选项:人们经常自己去对高胆固醇做早期治疗。本选项描述的是员工自己是否会治疗,不能反驳结论中员工在几年内不会发病的问题。
C选项:Correct. Garnet会雇佣很多Renco的员工。由于Garnet和Renco都是由Salcor提供保险的,所以如果Garnet会雇佣很多Renco的员工,这些曾经是Renco的员工虽然可能在Renco不会发病,但是几年后到了Garnet有可能在Garnet发病,Garnet依然处在Salcor保额范围内,所以显然,Salcor还是会有兴趣让Renco的员工去检测他们的胆固醇。
D选项:Renco和Garnet的员工数量相同。无论员工数量是否相同,都不影响到Salcor提供的保险的问题。
E选项: Renco的雇员平均不会比Garnet的雇员年轻。无论人员年轻与否,只要胆固醇高,其后几年就有患上中风的可能,所以本选项不能反驳结论。
因果型结论的削弱方式:1. 有其他因素也能导致相同结论 2. 割断因果(有因無果,有果無因) 3. 因果颠倒 4. 显示因果的资料不可信
这道题属于第一个削弱方式->是其他的原因导致S公司作出这种决定
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