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题库 / Prep2008E2-SC-159
The first detailed study of magpie attacks in Australia indicates that by the time they had reached adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women born in the country have been attacked by the birds
by the time they had reached adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women born in the country have been attacked by the birds
by the time they reach adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women, who were born in the country, had been attacked by the birds
by the time they reached adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women born in the country had been attacked by the birds
98 percent of men and 75 percent of women that were born in the country were attacked by the birds by the time they reach adulthood
98 percent of men and 75 percent of women who were born in the country, by the time they reached adulthood had been attacked by the birds
题目分析：
在时态上我们要注意，主句用一般现在时并不意味着宾语从句也要用现在时，相反地，主句用一般过去时也不意味着宾语从句也要用一般过去时；宾语从句的时态往往会独立于主句时态。
选项分析：
A选项：前面是had reached adulthood，后面是have been attacked by，而事实上前者发生在后者的后面，时态混乱，而且人类在reach adulthood之后不会再有成长阶段，所以不应该用had reached adulthood，而应该用一般过去时；再者，由于be attack发生在reach adulthood前面，所以有明显的时间对比，应该be attack用过去完成时had been attacked。
B选项：reach的时态有误，同时使得had been attacked没有时间对比来说明be attack是发生在过去的过去。
C选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
D选项：were attacked和reach时态错误同选项(A)。
E选项：adulthood身后少了逗号，插入语必须头尾用两个逗号将其隔开，例如：
James, a famous movie star, is friendly.
例句中，a famous movie star就是插入语，被两个逗号隔开。
The first detailed study of magpie attacks in Australia indicates that
by the time they* 【reached--后发生】 adulthood, 98 percent of men* and 75 percent of women* born in the country 【had been attacked--先发生】 by the birds.
澳大利亚首次对喜鹊袭击的详细研究表明，当他们（男+女）成年时，该国出生的 98% 的男性和 75% 的女性都曾受到鸟类的袭击。
C. (√）在第一次顺读句子的时候they虽然有向前指代attacks的倾向，但看到了reached adulthood，即可排除这个倾向，而判断they是向后指代men and women；
本句把by the time放在宾语从句的最前面是最合理的，因为要强调一个截止的时间点。
宾从的时态往往会独立于主句时态。
错误选项分析：
A. 时态错误，前面是had reached adulthood，后面是have been attacked by，而事实上前者发生在后者的后面，时态混乱，而且人类在reach adulthood之后不会再有成长阶段，所以不应该用had reached adulthood，而应该用一般过去时；
再者由于be attack发生在reach adulthood前面，所以有明显的时间对比，应该be attack用过去完成时had been attacked。
B. reach的时态错误，同时使得had been attacked没有时间对比来说明be attack是发生在过去的过去；
Who引 导的定语从句是非限制性修饰，使得逻辑含义错误。
D. that were可以省略，而且that仅用于指代非人类事物；
were attacked和reach时态错误。
E. who were可以省略； adulthood后面少了逗号，错误，独立的修饰成分必须用两个逗号隔开；
把by the time插在句子中间，显得很awkward。
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