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题库 / Prep2012-CR-57
When a city experiences a sharp decline in population, the city's tax revenues, which pay for such city services as police protection and maintenance of water lines, also decrease. The area to be policed and the number and length of the water lines to be maintained, however, do not decrease. Attempting to make up the tax revenue lost by raising tax rates is not feasible, since higher tax rates would cause even more residents to leave.
The information given most strongly supports which of the following general claims?
If, in a city with sharply declining population, police protection and water line maintenance do not deteriorate, some other service previously provided by the city will deteriorate or be eliminated.
If a city's tax rates are held stable over a period of time, neither the population nor the levels of city services provided will tend to decline over that period.
If a city's population declines sharply, police protection and water line maintenance are the services that deteriorate most immediately and most markedly.
A city that suffers revenue losses because of a sharp decline in population can make up some of the lost tax revenue by raising tax rates, provided the city's tax rates are low in relation to those of other cities.
A city that is losing residents because tax rates are perceived as too high by those residents can reverse this population trend by bringing its tax rates down to a more moderate level.
The area to be 【policed 】and the number and length of the 【water lines to be maintained】, however, 【do not decrease没有恶化】.
治安范围和要维护的水线数量和长度，但【不减少】。
归纳推理题
选项A（√）
If, in a city with sharply declining population, police protection and water line maintenance 【do not deteriorate 和原文的facts（do not decrease）一致】, some other service previously provided by the city will deteriorate or be eliminated.
如果在一个人口急剧减少的城市，警察保护和水线维护不恶化，那么该城市以前提供的一些其他服务就会恶化或被淘汰。
选项C（×）
If a city's population declines sharply, police protection and water line maintenance are the services that 【deteriorate （×），原文说了没有恶化】most immediately and most markedly.
如果一个城市的人口急剧下降，警察保护和水线维护是最直接和最明显恶化的服务。
2、治安所需警力、水管线供应需要保持且不会下降；
3、提高税率不可能，因为这会导致现有的人跑路
问：支持什么结论
所以，在税收已经减少的情况下，不能开源，只能节流，而2告诉我们节流不能节到这两个项目上，因此必定会拆了东墙补西墙，其他服务会出现恶化或者直接取消
A：前面都是文中所给，少population，公共安全和水管网不变，后面有点推测：因为tax变少，对那两个的spence 又不能变，所以能花的tax变少了，只能在其他方面缩减了
B：文中说了本来就不是tax rate导致人口减少的，只是说后面涨税，人会更少
C ：文中说了人口少了，公共安全和水管网不变
D: 文中说了不宜加税，因为人会走，就算比其他地方的少，还是违背了文中给的条件
E: 跟B差不多，减税也不能让人口增加啊，因为最开始是人口开始减少，才导致一系列问题的出现
A: tax revenue减少了，如果police protection and water line maintenance没有恶化，那么其他肯定要恶化（钱不够）
B: 文章说population decrease→tax revenues↓ 及high tax ---> decrease in 人口;不代表stable tax---> 人口也不变（反推及类比未必成立）
人口变化的因素不一定仅取决于tax，但tax的增加确实会导致人口下降
A: tax revenue减少了，如果police protection and water line maintenance没有恶化，那么其他肯定要恶化（钱不够）
B: 文章说high tax ---> decrease in 人口;不代表stable tax---> 人口也不变
文段并没有当前人口减少是因为税收问题啊，只说如果增加了，那可能导致更多人离开
A✅税收收入变少了，警务和供水服务不变，那别的必然要减少啊，不然钱不够
choice a, 在一个人口减少的城市里面，如果警力、水管服务不恶化，那么肯定有其他服务将会恶化或终止结束。correct
choice c, 如果一个城市人口减少，警力和水管服务会是下降得最快最明显的服务。irrelevant，无法推断出，有可能其他服务也一起在恶化且恶化程度一样
增加税收 人会更少
增加税收 人会更少
A选项 如果一个城市税收很少，一些服务不能减少，另一些必然会减少。
E选项文章只说增加税收会减少人口；没说减少税收一定能增加人口。
A 选项 不能提提高税率来弥补税收下降带来的损失，还要维持警察和水资源不变，唯一的途径就是降低其他的service！
A 我排除的原因是，即使revenue减少，也许也有盈余，或者甚至make loss，来保证服务质量
但A中有in a city with sharply declining population, 暗示着revenue减少的情况很剧烈，还有西方思想不会有很“牺牲小我成就大家”的思想，是很商业的supply-demand的思想，所以A我想的情况是不符合西方思维的。