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题库 / Prep2012-CR-61
Historian: In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village. Village census records for the last half of the 1600s are remarkably complete. This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines. Tellingly, each of those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax. This tax, which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government using the annual census figures. Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village's population from government census takers would have been easy. Therefore, the reported declines probably did not happen.
In the historian's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
The first presents a finding to support the position the historian seeks to establish; the second is a consideration that has been used to argue against that position.
The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second is a judgment advanced to support that position.
The first is a position that the historian seeks to establish; the second is evidence that has been used to argue against that position.
The first is an assumption that the historian explicitly makes in support of a certain position; the second is that position.
The first is a claim that the historian rejects; the second is a conclusion drawn to justify that rejection.
In this argument, the first bold statement is: "Village census records for the last half of the 1600's are remarkably complete." This is evidence. This is a factual and unambiguous. Anyone can do an see this complete list of census records. This is beyond dispute. Notice, this is not evidence that supports the argument: the next sentence is really the evidence for the arguments. This sentence provides what we might call background information.
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