Anthropologists studying the Hopi people of the southwestern United States often characterize Hopi society between 1680 and 1880 as surprisingly stable, considering that it was a period of diminution in population and pressure from contact with outside groups, factors that might be expected to cause significant changes in Hopi social arrangements.

The Hopis' retention of their distinctive sociocultural system has been attributed to the Hopi religious elite's determined efforts to preserve their religion and way of life, and also to a geographical isolation greater than that of many other Native American groups, an isolation that limited both cultural contact and exposure to European diseases. But equally important to Hopi cultural persistence may have been an inherent flexibility in their social system that may have allowed preservation of traditions even as the Hopis accommodated themselves to change. For example, the system of matrilineal clans was maintained throughout this period, even though some clans merged to form larger groups while others divided into smaller descent groups. Furthermore, although traditionally members of particular Hopi clans appear to have exclusively controlled particular ceremonies, a clan's control of a ceremony might shift to another clan if the first became too small to manage the responsibility. Village leadership positions traditionally restricted to members of one clan might be similarly extended to members of other clans, and women might assume such positions under certain unusual conditions.


The passage suggests that sociocultural change in Hopi society between 1680 and 1880 was


initiated primarily by contact with other cultural groups

greater than that experienced by many other Native American peoples during that period

less pronounced than might be expected, given the demographic conditions and external pressures during that period

less pronounced than it had been previously because of diminution in the Hopi population occurring after 1680

accelerated by the particular geographic circumstances of the Hopis

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正确答案为C。因为文章暗示出 Hopi 社会在 1680 到 1880 这段期间,虽然受外部压力和人口减少的影响,但是社会变化却比预期的程度要小得多。这可以通过文中提及的,Hopi 的宗教精英们致力于保护宗教和生活方式以及由于一定的地理孤立程度来推断出来,社会秩序也从内部灵活变化从而保持其传统。

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