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题库 / Prep2012-SC-38
Now generally regarded as a forgery, the Kensington Rune Stone, a 90-kilogram slab of inscribed rock discovered in Minnesota in 1898, was said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362 and thus was cited as evidence that Europeans explored North America in pre-Columbian times.
was said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362 and thus was cited as evidence that Europeans explored
was said to record an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, thus being cited as evidence for European exploration of
said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, and thus cited as evidence for European exploration of
which was said to record an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, and thus cited as evidence that Europeans explored
which, said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, was thus cited as evidence for Europeans exploring
题目分析：
略。
选项分析：
A选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。to have recorded中的have表示先时性，不表示完成时，即，record这一事件发生在said这一事件之前。这里改为to record也没有问题。添加have只是突出先发生，并非必须添加。
B选项：首先，名词短语 for European exploration of North America in pre-Columbian times需改为同位语从句that Europeans explored North America in pre-Columbian times，这点考查了名词和从句的区别。显然地，“证据”是一个事实，并不仅仅在发生的时候才是evidence，在发生之后也依然是evidence，所以explore在本选项中是一个事实，没有时间终止点。
其次， thus being cited as evidence（伴随状语）需改为合句and thus was cited as evidence。这是因为，“被认为记录下了美国土著和挪威探险者”和“被声明为欧洲人探险的证据”分别在讨论the Kensington Rune Stone在两个方面的情况，两者没有明显的强弱之分，不应使用主从句关系，应该用合句来表示。
C选项：名词短语 for European exploration of North America in pre-Columbian times错误同(B)。另外， 本选项缺少谓语动词。said和cited是过去分词短语。
D选项：本选项没有谓语动词。
E选项：evidence的修饰语部分是介词短语for Europeans exploring North America in pre-Columbian times的核心词为Europeans（exploring North America in pre-Columbian times是现在分词短语，是Europeans的定语），这在逻辑上是不合理的。证据应该是一个事件，而不是“欧洲人”。
关于名词和从句的区别，在知识点中讲到：检查变化成分在语境中是否有时间终止点。
本题中的变化成分是探险（exploration），我在破题的时候，判断exploration是有时间终止点的，所以选择了名词形式。
希望能和老师讨论一下。
evidence身后通常都是用同位语从句的，这个原因就是名词和从句的区别。因为，但凡是“证据”的东西，至少被说话人认为是“事实”，事实是没有时间终止点的。比如，我们说，林肯被刺杀了。这个句子，可以是事实，也可以是一个事件。当我们想用这句话来描述一个事实的时候，它是没有终止点的，因为，无论在何时，它都是一个事实，永远不会改变。当我们想用这句话来描述一个事件的时候，那么它肯定是有终止点的，刺杀是一个点动词，它发生的时候就是结束的时候。在题目中，我们需要通过语境来判断explore在这句话里是在描述事实还是一个事件。这道题里由于evidence的原因，所以肯定是一个事实，所以要用从句。
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