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题库 / Prep2012-SC-38
Now generally regarded as a forgery, the Kensington Rune Stone, a 90-kilogram slab of inscribed rock discovered in Minnesota in 1898, was said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362 and thus was cited as evidence that Europeans explored North America in pre-Columbian times.
was said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362 and thus was cited as evidence that Europeans explored
was said to record an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, thus being cited as evidence for European exploration of
said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, and thus cited as evidence for European exploration of
which was said to record an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, and thus cited as evidence that Europeans explored
which, said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, was thus cited as evidence for Europeans exploring
题目分析：
略。
选项分析：
A选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。to have recorded中的have表示先时性，不表示完成时，即，record这一事件发生在said这一事件之前。这里改为to record也没有问题。添加have只是突出先发生，并非必须添加。
B选项：首先，名词短语 for European exploration of North America in pre-Columbian times需改为同位语从句that Europeans explored North America in pre-Columbian times，这点考查了名词和从句的区别。显然地，“证据”是一个事实，并不仅仅在发生的时候才是evidence，在发生之后也依然是evidence，所以explore在本选项中是一个事实，没有时间终止点。
其次， thus being cited as evidence（伴随状语）需改为合句and thus was cited as evidence。这是因为，“被认为记录下了美国土著和挪威探险者”和“被声明为欧洲人探险的证据”分别在讨论the Kensington Rune Stone在两个方面的情况，两者没有明显的强弱之分，不应使用主从句关系，应该用合句来表示。
C选项：名词短语 for European exploration of North America in pre-Columbian times错误同(B)。另外， 本选项缺少谓语动词。said和cited是过去分词短语。
D选项：本选项没有谓语动词。
E选项：evidence的修饰语部分是介词短语for Europeans exploring North America in pre-Columbian times的核心词为Europeans（exploring North America in pre-Columbian times是现在分词短语，是Europeans的定语），这在逻辑上是不合理的。证据应该是一个事件，而不是“欧洲人”。
ing短语，多是表达一种“过程”，通常在句中没有明确的时间终点；从句，一般也没有明确的时间终点。
而，名词短语则与之相反，一般在句中具有明确的时间终点，表示事情的完结。因此，名词和从句的区别是检查变化成分在语境中是否有时间终止点，这点和名词和ing的区别颇为类似。
若有时间终止点，则选名词短语；若没有没有终止点，则选从句。
显然地，“证据”是一个事实，并不仅仅在发生的时候才是evidence，在发生之后也依然是evidence，所以explore在本选项中是一个事实，没有时间终止点。
不定式和分词中添加的have不是完成时，而是先时性。也就是说，它表示have后的动作发生在句子中某一个动作之前。
这个题目里有evidence这是一个事实没有时间性，可以记忆为evidence的同位语用从句而不是介词+名词形式的定语。
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