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题库 / Prep2012-SC-65
In order to conserve the energy and heat they need to spend the entire winter sitting motionless over incubating eggs, male emperor penguins huddle over the nests in groups, thereby reducing the rate at which they burn energy so that it is 25 percent lower than it would be for isolated birds.
thereby reducing the rate at which they burn energy so that it is 25 percent lower than it would be for
thereby reducing their rate of burning energy it is 25 percent lower when compared with
and they thereby reduce by 25 percent the rate they burn energy, as compared to what it would be with
which thereby reduces by 25 percent their rate of burning energy, when comparing them to
which thereby reduces the rate they burn energy so that it is 25 percent lower than
题目分析：
在(A)(B)(C)选项中，reduce的主语论元为male emperor penguins（(A)(B)中的reducing是伴随状语，(C)中的代词they指代“企鹅”）；在(D)(E)中，which后的谓语动词为单数，由于前面整个句子中没有一个单数名词，所以此处可以认为reduces具有主谓一致的错误，直接排除(D)(E)。在(A)中，male emperor penguins reduce the rate at which they burn energy和it is 25 percent lower than it would be之间是因果关系（so that）；在(B)中，两个单句之间没有连词，在(C)中，两个单句之间是比较关系。
选项分析：
A选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
B选项：伴随状语thereby reducing their rate of burning energy和it is 25 percent lower之间缺少连词连接。两者应具有因果关系。
C选项：代词they的指代对象为male emperor penguins，这是没有问题的。但是，they thereby reduce by 25 percent the rate和male emperor penguins huddle over the nests in groups被并列连词and连接。在逻辑上，前者应是后者的结果，即，两者没有并列关系。
D选项：which thereby reduces by 25 percent their rate of burning energy是非限制性定语从句，其先行词由于主谓一致的原因必须为单数名词。由于前句中没有单数名词，所以此处可以认为reduces具有主谓一致的错误。
E选项：本选项错误同(D)。
B主要问题是lower后面需要有than链接被比较词吧，而不是compare with。而且对比对象也不是同一词性。
C的并列关系错误
C选项：代词they的指代对象为male emperor penguins，这是没有问题的。但是，they thereby reduce by 25 percent the rate和male emperor penguins huddle over the nests in groups被并列连词and连接。在逻辑上，前者应是后者的结果，即，两者没有并列关系。
错选C，两个动词的关系，huddle拥抱和reduce，同一时间发生的动作，因果关系。
看大不看小，根据句子成分看句子关系，然后判断两个句子到底有逻辑关系还是独立关系 🌟🌟
因果关系和并列关系的判断 主谓一致
是修饰关系而不是并列关系
thereby是副词
C的问题是； 取团保暖和rate下降是立即的因果关系动作，不应该用and表达，而应该是状语
B项缺少连词
代词they的指代对象为male emperor penguins，这是没有问题的。但是，they thereby reduce by 25 percent the rate和male emperor penguins huddle over the nests in groups被并列连词and连接。在逻辑上，前者应是后者的结果，即，两者没有并列关系。
不对吧。。SVO不应该是male emperor penguins huddle over the nests in groups么？前面they need xx 应该是省略了that的状语从句修饰energy and heat吧，是他们需要过冬的能量和热量
mark, 定语从句中reduce是单数，但是主句没有单数名词
课上老师说thereby, therefore都是副词，不能做连词连接两个句子。那在这里为什么又可以连接两个句子表示因果了呢？
C句中 compared to what it would be with也不对吧，应该是rate for isolated birds而不是rate with isolated birds
C. The coordinating conjunction and introduces unnecessary words, as does the awkward phrase as compared to what it would be with . . . . The preposition with is incorrect.
A. Correct. Although not the most graceful sentence, this version correctly compares the rate at which birds huddled in groups burn energy with the rate at which they would burn energy as isolated birds
A选项对比的是rate？如果对比的是rate，那就应该是the rate is 25% lower than the rate would be for birds, 比较对象是主语，为什么后面的rate可以用it代替？不是应该用that吗？
我也有这个疑惑。
我现在知道了：虽然这里的两个rate不一样，但是没有加定语，所以it就指代rate，用完全指代没有歧义。
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永远是大错误大于小错误 不要用compare lower来判定
Bburning 和 it is 25percent lower 之间缺少连词
Cand两者并没有并列关系
DE which reduces先行词一致的原则必需为单数
C中， thereby reduce the rate 应该是 peiguins huddle over 的结果，两者为因果关系而不是并列关系，不能用and连接。