2. namely的用法十分灵活：（=that is to say, along with） . 它是副词，后面不能直接加句子
（1）补充说明前面离它最近的名词成分； e.g.: The other change, namely the increase in electronic equipment, has slowed down.
（2）补充说明句子主语； e.g.： One group of people seems to be forgotten, namely pensioners.
（3） namely后面跟从句解释前面的名词成分； e.g.: On the next trip, I solved part of the problem, but after discussing the situation with AB on the phone an alternative solution was at hand; namely, that from 1987 onwards I would spend my winters playing for Queensland.
A. * "so many ... such that" is an incorrect idiom.
the correct idiom is "so ADJ ... that", and is used to emphasize the unusual extent of ADJ. (in this case, ADJ is "many".)
B. * you need commas around the appositive modifier ("once 75 percent of the population").
* "are now accounting for" is bulky and unnecessary (especially vs. "account for" in the other choices).
C. * most obvious problem: you can't use "which" for people.
* the "that" at the beginning is ungrammatical.
* "such that" doesn't make sense.
in fact, i don't think you should pick a sentence with "such that" in one piece. I would be suspicious of any sentence that has "such that" IN ONE PIECE.
"such NOUN that" is a perfectly respectable construction in formal English though.
the ONLY non-awkward, correct sentences i've seen with "such that" are sentences about math or physics (e.g., "choose x and y such that x + y = 10").
D. * same problem with "such that".
* "only" is misplaced. the purpose is to show that 1/2 is a smaller fraction than before, so "only" should be placed directly before "half".
E. correct.
* it's idiomatic "so many ... that"
* and everything else is ok, too.
A. 将small cars的now和at any time相比较，现在的小车和其他时候的该小车做比较，但应该将today's small cars和small cars at any other time做比较的。at any time并没有剔除掉Today的时间点。today和now重复
B. they指代的就是前面的small cars，还是将现在的该小车和其他时候的该小车做比较。at any time没有剔除掉today的时间点。they是同物指代，指代的就是前面出现的东西
C. right，those是同类指代，指代的是同类的small cars。
D. more fuel-efficient small cars有歧义，到底是更多的省油车还是更省油的车？their可能指代manufacturers也可能指代small cars
E. more fuel-efficient small cars有歧义，到底是更多的省油车还是更省油的车？at any time没有剔除today的时间点
1. ABC的in addition to and besides 都是介词用法，后面接名词或者名词成分，例如动名词和从句。最大的错误是两个用语后面的名词成分都必须在句子中与一个成份形成实际意义上的语义逻辑上的平行关系。而ABC里的possibility在后面句子中找不到对应的词。
2. ABC的It指代问题，应该是leaves，复数
3. D and E, D的possible ＋动名词 preventing and inhibiting没有E的possibly preventing or inhibiting好，原因有二，一是 D中and不如E中or在语义逻辑上更准确。Ron说这两个词是mutually exclusive，不可能用and同时发生，肯定是or。同理还有一个句子里有damage and destroy，也是应该用OR，而不能用and；二是 D中possible修饰preventing 以及inhibiting，应该用副词形式修饰这两个动作。若用形容词的possible，就用prevention更合适。
Since it has become known that several of a bank’s top executives have been buying shares in their own bank （evidence 1）, the bank’s depositors, who had been worried by rumors that the bank faced impending fi nancial collapse, have been greatly relieved. They reason that, since top executives evidently have faith in the bank’s fi nancial soundness, those worrisome rumors must be false. (conclusion 1) Such reasoning might well be overoptimistic(conclusion 2), however, since corporate executives have been known to buy shares in their own company in a calculated attempt to dispel negative rumors about the company’s health （evidence 2）.
选项A：
The illegal lobster harvesting was 【not 否定】 so extensive that the 【population总数量】 of catchable lobsters in Belukia's territorial waters had sharply declined by 1996. 非法捕捞龙虾并没有那么密集，以至于到 1996 年，Belukia 领海中可捕捞的龙虾数量急剧下降。
A 说并没有因为大量非法捕捞而导致总↓数量减少，---这就奠定了一个数量不变的基础，正确。
思路1：取非：密集地非法捕捞龙虾→虾的总数减少→合法捕捞 + 非法捕捞的数量都减少了→非法捕捞的数量就不是9000，削弱了结论
【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but 【they】began to grow again after the 1991 report [that linked moderate consumption of alcohol（, and particularly of red wine, ）with a reduced risk of heart disease]
葡萄酒的【销量】在 1980 年代后期有所下降，但【销量】又开始增长，在 1991 年的报告将适度饮酒(，尤其是红酒）与降低患心脏病的风险联系起来后
A. （√）
They是完全指代，指代sales of wines； and particularly of red wine中去掉and也是对的(and可放在插入语前，不影响逻辑)；
begin to do或begin doing都正确；
in particular在本题不如particularly有效，因为介词太多句式会复杂。
错误选项分析：
B.【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but after the 1991 report that linked a reduced risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine（少了consumption）,【they 代词太远】 began growing again （×）
red wine与alcohol consumption概念不同，不能同位修饰，应该在red wine后面也补上consumption；
they 离其所指代的sales太远，使得句子理解起来不清晰， awkward；
link A with B， A和B谁在前并不要紧。
C.【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but in a 1991 report, moderate alcohol consumption, and particularly of red wine, 【which 指代错误】 was linked with a reduced risk of heart disease, caused them to begin to grow again （×）
in a 1991 report修饰but后整句，使句意荒谬：在报告里，酒的销量开始上升；
which指代的是red wine，错误(which通常就近指代)；
particularly of red wine与moderate alcohol consumption不平行，后者应改为moderate consumption of alcohol；
cause的主语是consumption，逻辑意思很荒谬，正确的主语应该是report。
D. 【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but with a reduced risk of heart disease linked in a 1991 report with moderate alcohol consumption, in particular （少了of）red wine, 【they 代词太远】 began growing again （×）
red wine不能同位修饰alcohol consumption，要在red wine前面加上of；
they began growing中的they离其指代对象sales过远。
E. 【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but a reduced 【risk 主语错误】of heart disease linked to moderate alcohol consumption in a 1991 report, and in particular red wine, started 【them指代不清】them growing again （×）
in a 1991 report有修饰moderate alcohol consumption的歧义，好像consumption是发生在report里，还是A 的表达最为明确；
in particular red wine无法修饰alcohol consumption，概念不同；
start的主语是risk错误；start them中的them指代不清。
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2. namely的用法十分灵活：（=that is to say, along with） . 它是副词，后面不能直接加句子（1）补充说明前面离它最近的名词成分； e.g.: The other change, namely the increase in electronic equipment, has slowed down.
（2）补充说明句子主语； e.g.： One group of people seems to be forgotten, namely pensioners.
（3） namely后面跟从句解释前面的名词成分； e.g.: On the next trip, I solved part of the problem, but after discussing the situation with AB on the phone an alternative solution was at hand; namely, that from 1987 onwards I would spend my winters playing for Queensland.