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题库 / DaQuan-CR-3704
Press Secretary: Our critics claim that the president's recent highway project cancellations demonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties. They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts. But all of the canceled projects had been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisan auditors. So the president's choice was clearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary's argument depends?
Canceling highway projects was not the only way for the president to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties.
The scheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not mostly projects in districts controlled by the president's party.
The number of projects canceled was a significant proportion of all the highway projects that were to be undertaken by the government in the near future.
The highway projects canceled in districts controlled by the president's party were not generally more expensive than the projects canceled in districts controlled by opposition parties.
Reports by nonpartisan auditors are not generally regarded by the opposition parties as a source of objective assessments of government projects.
幸存者偏差：取消的都是浪费的，只能说明取消的只是浪费的一个子集，可能是真子集，也可能是相等的。我们要关注的就是这个子集的补集。也就是幸存者偏差里面的“沉默的数据”---浪费的有没有被cancel的。
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因：不是党派斗争，而是cancel浪费的资源
B 第三方报告证明浪费的项目是敌对党的，加强因果关系
B。negation一下就可以发现逻辑链了。题目conclusion指president的行为是公正的。那么要是B不成立，则意味着president自己的政党辖区也有很多问题，但是他没有去punish，这就是不公正了。所以B是必须的。
这道题讲真一开始看stimulus还真没有看出这个逻辑。我还在想他潜在假设是啥呢。anyway，这题真的只能看答案分析。提前分析可能都是事后诸葛亮。
B选项的否命题：The scheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report WERE mostly projects in districts controlled by the president's party. 在president party的project大部分都是wasteful的。 （而原文是opposition party被cancel了更多project，则看出来unfair）weaken
原文中说90%的A是在opposition party, 也就是说一共有90个opposition party的project被cancel，同理，有10个president party的project被cancel。在这样的情况下（一方被cancel很多而另一方较少），要说明cancellation是公平的，没有对party的偏见，就要说明opposition party大部分都是wasteful所以才被cancel了这么多，而president的并没有很多wasteful project。 这也就是B选项所说的。
这个怎么看出来啊，我当时就觉得a＝b，然后B选项就是直接反对90%～果断排除了。。。
虽然做对了，但是是因为其他选项不靠谱。我一直也在琢磨有个地方好像不对，你打开了朕的心结。问题不是出在思维上，而是特么句子理解上。
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当时做的时候想，这查出来有问题的都是反对党，不是质疑了第三方报告的正确性吗。。。选不出答案。。。
看了答案以后发现，原来反对党是真的差呀。。。
说明被认定浪费的项目大部分在反对党。
因为浪费啊，所以反对党的很多项目被毙是有理的。
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