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题库 / GMATLA-RC-86
Researchers studying how genes control animal behavior have had to deal with many uncertainties. Inthe first place, most behaviors are governed by more than one gene, and until recently geneticists had no method for identifying the multiple genes involved. In addition, even when a single gene is found to control a behavior, researchers in different fields do not necessarily agree that it is a "behavioral gene." Neuroscientists, whose interest in genetic research is to understand the nervous system (which generates behavior), define the term broadly. But ethologists—specialists in animal behavior—are interested in evolution, so they define the term narrowly. They insist that mutations in a behavioral gene must alter a specific normal behavior and not merely make the organism ill, so that the genetically induced behavioral change will provide variation that natural selection can act upon, possibly leading to the evolution of a new species. For example, in the fruit fly, researchers have identified the gene Shaker, mutations in which cause flies to shake violently under anesthesia. Since shaking is not healthy, ethologists do not consider Shaker a behavioral gene. In contrast, ethologists do consider the gene period (per), which controls the fruit fly's circadian (24-hour) rhythm, a behavioral gene because files with mutated per genes are healthy; they simply have different rhythms.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
summarize findings in an area of research
discuss different perspectives on a scientific question
outline the major questions in a scientific discipline
illustrate the usefulness of investigating a research topic
reconcile differences between two definitions of a term
此讲解的内容由AI生成，还未经人工审阅，仅供参考。
答案是 B。详细解释：文章讨论了基因如何控制动物行为的问题，其中包括了遗传学家和神经科学家之间对定义“行为基因”不同的看法。文章在这一点上有所强调，表明它正在讨论不同观点而不是总结研究发现或者概括科学领域的主要问题。因此，选项B“讨论不同观点关于科学问题”是正确的答案。
Quote:
C. outline the major questions in a scientific discipline
We can eliminate (C) because the author didn't write the passage to outline major questions. If this were true, we'd see more of an outline-like breakdown of more than one question. Instead, we have a deep dive into a single question ("How do these two groups define behavioral?") and a single example (Shaker) used to address that question.
B：一个question就是how to identify genes that controls animal behaviors，神经学家和行为学家对于这个问题都有不同的看法，神经学家从神经控制行为的角度来看，而行为学家是看这个能影响行为的基因能否在自然选择中被选中从而使物种进化
C：的确有outline questions但是重点不是前面几句，而是后面神经学和行为学两派的不同研究方向和看法。
主要目的是≠文章都讲了什么
We can eliminate (C) because the author didn't write the passage to outline major questions. If this were true, we'd see more of an outline-like breakdown of more than one question. Instead, we have a deep dive into a single question ("How do these two groups define behavioral?") and a single example (Shaker) used to address that question.
文章主要讲的是两派学者的观点，而非问题，所以选B
The author dives into this topic by writing about the contrasting views of neuroscientists and ethologists. While most of the word count in this passage is spent on how ethologists treat the case of Shaker, the author does this for the sake of illustrating the contrast in perspectives.
Quote:
C. outline the major questions in a scientific discipline
We can eliminate (C) because the author didn't write the passage to outline major questions. If this were true, we'd see more of an outline-like breakdown of more than one question. Instead, we have a deep dive into a single question ("How do these two groups define behavioral?") and a single example (Shaker) used to address that question.
reconcile使一致