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题库 / GMATLA-RC-84
Researchers studying how genes control animal behavior have had to deal with many uncertainties. Inthe first place, most behaviors are governed by more than one gene, and until recently geneticists had no method for identifying the multiple genes involved. In addition, even when a single gene is found to control a behavior, researchers in different fields do not necessarily agree that it is a "behavioral gene." Neuroscientists, whose interest in genetic research is to understand the nervous system (which generates behavior), define the term broadly. But ethologists—specialists in animal behavior—are interested in evolution, so they define the term narrowly. They insist that mutations in a behavioral gene must alter a specific normal behavior and not merely make the organism ill, so that the genetically induced behavioral change will provide variation that natural selection can act upon, possibly leading to the evolution of a new species. For example, in the fruit fly, researchers have identified the gene Shaker, mutations in which cause flies to shake violently under anesthesia. Since shaking is not healthy, ethologists do not consider Shaker a behavioral gene. In contrast, ethologists do consider the gene period (per), which controls the fruit fly's circadian (24-hour) rhythm, a behavioral gene because files with mutated per genes are healthy; they simply have different rhythms.
The passage suggests that neuroscientists would most likely consider Shaker to be which of the following?
An example of a behavioral gene
One of multiple genes that control a single behavior
A gene that, when mutated, causes an alteration in a specific normal behavior without making the organism ill
A gene of interest to ethologists but of no interest to neuroscientists
A poor source of information about the nervous system
此讲解的内容由AI生成，还未经人工审阅，仅供参考。
A. An example of a behavioral gene
是正确答案。由阅读材料可知，神经科学家将 Shaker 定义为行为基因的一个例子，所以 A 是正确答案。
我觉得定位句应该在这里“In addition, even when a single gene is found to control a behavior, researchers in different fields do not necessarily agree that it is a "behavioral gene." 这就说明了N和E的观点应该是不一样的。所以E认为它不是BE，那么N就持不同态度。BCD都蛮好排除的，这个E的确做题的时候迷惑了我（大意了，看到nervous system就选了orz但其实根本推不出来，没有更多的信息了）
其实N和E两群人观点分歧的点就在于对behavioral gene的定义，N认为generates behavior的都是behavioral gene, 比较broad，而E认为....，比较narrow，这题关注N的观点。而
nervous system (which generates behavior)，只要产生动作的基因，Neuroscientists就认为是behavioral gene
Neuroscientists, whose interest in genetic research is to understand the nervous system (which generates behavior), define the term broadly. But ethologists—specialists in animal behavior—are interested in evolution, so they define the term narrowly.
ethologists do not consider Shaker a behavioral gene.
ethologists do not consider Shaker a behavioral gene.→ neuroscientists would most likely consider Shaker to be an example of a behavioral gene.
choice b,c,d都可以根据原文信息排除掉
choice e, 一项对于神经系统来说是很糟糕的信息来源-> 神经科学家对Shaker是负态度。全文后半段一直在对比neuroscientists和ethologists的差异，又因为ethologists不认为Shaker是behaviour gene, 所以neuroscientist更有可能是认可 Shaker是behavior gene。答案因此是choice a
这个题D还是挺tricky的，自认为认真读文章的我差点选了D，但实际上文中还提到了shake violently under anesthesia. 而neuroscientist关注的是nerve system，所以是感兴趣的。
前文首先提出这个观点In addition, even when a single gene is found to control a behavior, researchers in different fields do not necessarily agree that it is a "behavioral gene." 然后分别阐述两类学者对behavioral gene的理解，接着举这个shaker的例子。Since shaking is not healthy, ethologists do not consider Shaker a behavioral gene.所以neuroscientists 肯定是不认同这个观点的
是ecologist的取反，看错了名词群体！
Neuroscientists的归类判断是根据ethologists的归类判断取反
in contrast to 后面的到底是neuroscientist还是ethologists啊TAT 读的时候感觉好别扭
D为什么不对？
前文首先提出这个观点In addition, even when a single gene is found to control a behavior, researchers in different fields do not necessarily agree that it is a "behavioral gene." 然后分别阐述两类学者对behavioral gene的理解，接着举这个shaker的例子。Since shaking is not healthy, ethologists do not consider Shaker a behavioral gene.所以neuroscientists 肯定是不认同这个观点的
还是取反