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题库 / Prep2012-SC-61
Sculpted boulders found at Lepenski Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes 15 figures with human features similar to Upper Paleolithic forms and to Middle Eastern Nantufian stone figurines.
Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes
Vir, examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
Vir, earliest of monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe and includes
Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, including
题目分析：
(A)(B)(D)(E)中，Sculpted boulders的同位语（或表语）为examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe；在(C)中，Sculpted boulders的同位语为earliest of monumental art known。
选项分析：
A选项：谓语动词include主语的核心词为复数名词boulders，因此include也应该用复数以保持主谓一致。另外，an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe是Sculpted boulders的同位语，应改为examples。
B选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
C选项：常识上，“雕塑（Sculpted boulders）”属于“中欧和西欧艺术的一个例子（examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western）”，而不能算是这些艺术的全部（earliest of monumental art known from central and western Europe）。
D选项：include在单复数错误同(A)。
E选项：分词短语including 15 figures with human features similar to Upper Paleolithic forms and to Middle Eastern Nantufian stone figurines是伴随状语，在语法上没有问题。但是，本选项的主从句是颠倒的。依据图形背景原则，应让include做主句，example做从句。这是因为，“Sculpted boulders属于什么类型”是对于这些雕塑宏观的描述，而“Sculpted boulders包括了什么”则是对于这些雕塑的微观描述，因此，应让“更小”的做图形（主句），“更大”的做背景（从句）。
E
"1. ，including 和其他，doing是不同的，它不修饰整个句子，只修饰离它最近的词！
2.，including 修饰的词不能包含这个品类全部的东西，修饰的词只能包含部分"
E. The participle including seems to be introducing the nonsensical notion that figures with human features belong to the category central and western Europe or the equally nonsensical claim that 15 figures with human features define an entire category of earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe
from gmat club。。考试是哪有时间去想图形背景原则
examples的同位语修饰的是Sculpted boulders，是个具体的实物，不是个概念，同位语不是应该紧跟在修饰的名词后面才对吗？
同意，因为觉得同位语没有紧跟所以排除了B
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单复数／earliest极端了
e在语法上没有问题，但是主从颠倒。
这个图形背景原则太难figure out了... 请问E中including的修饰会有歧义吗？有可能修饰boulders也有可能修饰examples of art 这样直接排除可以吗？
其实我觉得想通了还挺好理解的，boulders是什么类型讲的是它是什么的自己；而boulders包括什么，说的是boulders的子集有什么什么，画个简单的图就可以发现两者哪个是背景啦
这个理解我觉得很好
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图形背景原则好厉害！
这名字改的。。这就回答，这就回答。
❀۹(*´▽｀*）给你花花！
我要告诉sugar，让她去改名字。。。
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主语是boulders，后面found是定从。所以A的an example同位语指代有问题，错。C的earliest的意思是最早，与后面的include不搭配，错。D的are和includes人称不一致，错。E的including 的逻辑主语主语是石头，是伴随状语，考察动词和分词的区别，不可能在are之前就已经包括XXX，错。