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题库 / Prep2007E1-SC-105
Even though it was not illegal for the bank to share its customers' personal and financial information with an outside marketing company in return for a commission on sales, the state's attorney general accused the bank of engaging in deceptive business practices by failing to honor its promise to its customers to keep records private.
by failing to honor its promise to its customers to keep
by its failure of honoring its promise to its customers to keep
in its failing to honor its promise to its customers of keeping
because of its failure in honoring its promise to its customers in keeping
because of its failure to honor its promise to its customers of keeping
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failure是失败的结果，而failing是指本身做都没有做
because of 和 by
体会语意上的变化
promise是个影响力大的词语，承诺了的很可能会发生，接to do。
the promise to do sth, 做某事的诺言；
the promise of sth，如：government's promise of lower taxes
3. promise(n.) to sb to do/ of n. /in n.
the promise to do 做某事的保证
the promise of n. 两种用法，一个是关于某事的保证，比如 a promise of job opportunity/certain benefits,另一个是来自某人的保证，比如 the promise of America/ God。the promise of 后面很少有doing，如果有动词选择to do 的形式。
promise in更多的是 promise 所处的状况，比如He made a promise in the campaign，如果有动词选择to do 的形式。
综上，排除CDE
2. failure of/ in/ to
毫无疑问，failing to 是正确的。
failure of 后面跟失败的对象，通常是名词，比如 the failure of the company，the failure of this slave rebellion，极少有跟动名词的情况，如果一定表示失败的具体行为，to do 是更好的选择。
failure in 后面跟失败的所属的领域、范筹、活动等，比如failure in the exam, failure in the interview，明显与题目语义不符。
failure to do 表示失败的具体行为，没有做到的事情，如果要跟动词，to do 是最好的选项。
综上，排除BD选项
1. by/in/because of 辨析：
by doing表示做某事的途径，比如曼哈顿论坛里ron的例句：I prepared for the test by reviewing takeaways on the MGMAT forums.本句中by failing to修饰engaging in，意思是银行通过不守约定参与欺诈行为。
in doing表示在做某事的过程中做了某事，通常in前面的动作是后面动作的一部分，比如另一例句：I solved all the problems in OG12 in preparing for the GMAT.无论修饰哪个名词都说不通。
because of 表示因果，考虑到这里似乎可以解释为修饰accused，律师因为没有履约而指控其欺诈行为。但是显得有些重复，因为本身deceptive practice 就是 failing to honor，先存疑。
综上，排除C选项
［表原因］当because of, by doing, because, due to, by + 名词等在选项句首，第一选择是because连词，其次是by doing
［习惯用法］promise to do sth或者promise that… 排除cde
⚠️动词比名词更简洁，故选a
1. 主要是idiom的问题
2. attorney。。。by。。。 这里不会理解成attorney failing to honor its promise
C和D中的because of作状语，修饰accuse；而A、B、C中的by、in作状语修饰engage。
介词作定语、状语会带上自己本身的含义。
by：通过；in：在里面
accuse sb of sth，指控某人某事，如She accused him of lying. 她指责他说谎
accused the bank of engaging in deceptive business practices by failing to honor its promise，by+现在分词做状语修饰engage，起诉银行通过不履行保密承诺而参与了商业欺诈
of engaging做bank的补语，即是bank engage in deceptive business practices by failing to honor its promise，sb do sth by/through doing sth，doing前不加the或者one's，如By getting up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning.
by，介词，
表方式，The house is heated by gas. to travel by bus
表原因，I did it by mistake.
the attorney general accused the bank by failing to honor its promise to its customs,司法部长由于未能履行承诺而起诉银行，
by，介词，
表方式，The house is heated by gas. to travel by bus
表原因，I did it by mistake.
the attorney general accused the bank by failing to honor its promise to its customs,司法部长由于未能履行承诺而起诉银行，
fail to do，promise to do固定搭配
choice c, engaging in是failing 的一部分，意思错误
change in meaning: the correct meaning is what appears in the original sentence, namely, that the failure to honor promises WAS the deceptive business practice. 没有保持承诺本身就是商业欺诈 choice e, with its use of 'because', implies that the failure to keep promises LED TO (other) deceptive business practices. 没有保持承诺导致了商业欺诈
A: By通过没有新手承诺而来accuse参与魅惑的银行
B: 通过它的失败来 控诉，不对；应该是by doing通过做某事
C：in its failing 在它失败的状态中控诉，错；
DE：because of + n，n.是核心词，后面定语不再重要；因为它的失败所以控诉，不对，应该是因为/通过它没有信守承诺整件事的失败来控诉
fail to do/honor sth/promise to do 固定搭配
fail to do/honor to do/promise to do 固定搭配
名词强调事件的结果，动名词强调事件的过程。应该是通过XX方式参与了欺骗的行为 而不是因为XX，所以参与了欺骗的行为
句意。because of 和By XXX在本句要表达的意思不同。proMise of doing 是错误用法。
名词强调事件的结果，动名词强调事件的过程。