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题库 / Prep2012-RC-62
Anthropologists studying the Hopi people of the southwestern United States often characterize Hopi society between 1680 and 1880 as surprisingly stable, considering that it was a period of diminution in population and pressure from contact with outside groups, factors that might be expected to cause significant changes in Hopi social arrangements.
The Hopis' retention of their distinctive sociocultural system has been attributed to the Hopi religious elite's determined efforts to preserve their religion and way of life, and also to a geographical isolation greater than that of many other Native American groups, an isolation that limited both cultural contact and exposure to European diseases. But equally important to Hopi cultural persistence may have been an inherent flexibility in their social system that may have allowed preservation of traditions even as the Hopis accommodated themselves to change. For example, the system of matrilineal clans was maintained throughout this period, even though some clans merged to form larger groups while others divided into smaller descent groups. Furthermore, although traditionally members of particular Hopi clans appear to have exclusively controlled particular ceremonies, a clan's control of a ceremony might shift to another clan if the first became too small to manage the responsibility. Village leadership positions traditionally restricted to members of one clan might be similarly extended to members of other clans, and women might assume such positions under certain unusual conditions.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Hopis' geographic situation between 1680 and 1880 ?
It prevented the Hopis from experiencing a diminution in population.
It helped to promote within their social system.
It limited but did not eliminate contact with other cultural groups.
It reinforced the religious elite's determination to resist cultural change.
It tended to limit contact between certain Hopi clans.
此讲解的内容由AI生成，还未经人工审阅，仅供参考。
正确答案是 C。选项 C 可以从文章中推断出来，文章中指出Hopi社会地理孤立度较大，其中之一的原因是它有助于限制对外文化团体的接触，因此可以推断出这一地理情况在1680年到1880年间限制了Hopi与其他文化团体的接触，即 C 选项中的内容。
A选项是错在了prevent了吗？
C.首段pressure from contact with outside groups
第一段：研究美国西南部H人的人类学家将1680s-1880s的H人社会定义为异常稳定，考虑到这是一个人口减少+来自外来团体压力的时间段，这两条因素或许会导致H人社会结构变化。（这一段其实隐隐含着质疑人类学家观点的意思，不知自己理解的对不对）
第二段：H人对社会文化的保存被归因于H人精英决定保留他们的宗教和生活方式，还被归因于地理位置比其他原住民部落更闭塞，这样一种闭塞既限制了文化接触，也限制了欧洲传染病。然而，还有另一个同样重要的因素，那就是H人社会体系具有内在的灵活性，这种灵活性在H人接纳改变的同时允许他们保存文化。For example举例，①这段时期，母系氏族贯穿始终，即便很多氏族合并成了大团体，同时一些氏族瓦解成小的血缘团体。另外，②即使传统意义上，特殊H人氏族的成员专管特殊仪式，在这个特殊氏族变得太小以至于不能行使权力时，管控权可能会移交到另一个氏族（也是在说flexibility）。③村庄的领导者席位一贯是被限制在一个氏族中的，也可以相似地扩大到其他氏族，在特殊情况下，女人也可以获得这个席位（同样在说flexibility，一共三个flexibility的例子）。
Hopi religious elite's determined efforts和geographic isolation是平行的，不存在geographic isolation reinforce和自己平行的内容
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错选D
D. The passage cites the religious elite\'s efforts to preserve Hopi culture and the Hopi people\'s geographical isolation as separate factors contributing to the stability of Hopi society; it does not connect the two.
diminution：减小;减弱;降低，所以不是eliminate根除。
The Hopis' retention of their distinctive sociocultural system has been attributed to the Hopi religious elite's determined efforts to preserve their religion and way of life, and also to a geographical isolation greater than that of many other Native American groups, an isolation that limited both cultural contact and exposure to European diseases.
还是要就近找
C.首段pressure from contact with outside groups
limit的是与欧洲国家间的contact，不是hopi clans之间的
"an isolation that limited both cultural contact and exposure to European diseases. " 直接提到了 limit.
"it was a period of diminution in population and pressure from contact with outside groups,"提到了 it's a period of diminution of in population and (a period of) pressure from contact with outside groups; 暗示了 did not eliminate。 原来的理解有偏差，事实上在period的大环境下，Hopis难以独善其身，势必也受到影响，只不过影响更小
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