In 1981 children in the United States spent an average of slightly less than two and a half hours a week doing household chores; by 1997 they had spent nearly six hours a week.
chores; by 1997 they had spent nearly six hours a week.
chores; by 1997 that figure had grown to nearly six hours a week.
chores, whereas nearly six hours a week were spent in 1997.
chores, compared with a figure of nearly six hours a week in 1997.
chores, that figure growing to nearly six hours a week in 1997.
题目分析:
本题的关键,在于对实物代词they的理解。
选项分析:
选项A:本选项在语法上没有问题。但是仔细观察在划线部分出现了代词they,其指代对象为出现过的名词children。本选项按照字面意思翻译为:
在1981年,美国的小孩平均每周花两个半小时去做家务劳动,但是在1997年,他们会花6个小时做家务劳动。
由于they是实物指代,也就是指代前面出现过的那个名词,所以译文中的“他们”指的在1981年出现过的那些小孩。这是不正确的,假如在1981年,小孩们是5岁,那么到了1997年,这些小孩变成了21岁,即,they指代这些21岁的“小孩”。显然地,本题想比较的是两个年份小孩的情况,而不是同一群小孩在两个年份的区别。当然,也可以改为:
by 1997 children had spent nearly six hours a week.
选项B:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
选项C:whereas身后是被动句,其缺少真正的执行者。单纯读划线部分,我们只能知道有将近六个小时被花费了,至于究竟是谁花费了这六个小时,我们不得而知,自然本选项就无法和In 1981 children in the United States spent an average of slightly less than two and a half hours a week doing household chores形成对比(whereas)关系。
选项D:compared with a figure of nearly six hours a week in 1997是一个过去分词短语,它只能就近修饰身前的household chores。在逻辑上,和数据比的,不能是家务劳动。
选项E:本选项是独立主格结构。依据图形背景原则,若本选项正确,则grow这个动作必然在时间上长于主句的spend动作。但在本题中,两个动作处于两个年份,无法判定谁持续的时间长于谁,因此,只能用分号两个独立的句子。
如何在BE中选出最优?——E中:the -ING modifier doesn't just suggest that the verb tense is the same; it actually suggests that the action of the modifier occurs in the same timeframe as the stuff that is modified. so, the modifier in (e) illogically suggests that 1981 and 1997 are actually the same timeframe.
以前死活不理解they 这些代词的用法,不知道是不是题目做多了,一看到这个they 指代children (指同一批人),直接判断用法错误。下意识了
by加过去时间 可以用过去完成时 Athey实意错误 C被动 执行者不知 可能会犯A的错误 DE和数据比的不能是家务劳动
为何会用过去完成时呢?早于哪个动作?哪位考友解答。
BY 1997啊
当时是这么理解的:虽然by 1997是过去的时间,可以跟完成时;是不是也可以有另外一个思路:这个句子中仅这一个时间词,应该用现在完成时的,如果和by 1981组成一个句子的话,1981那里感觉该用过去完成时。可1981那里没用。
1.有明确的时间词时,以时间词为准,因为不需要靠past和past-perfect来表达动作的前后顺序,一个是1981年一个是1997年,两个动作先后顺序已经确定了。In 1981是明确的时间点,所以用past tense;By 1997不是明确时间点,所以用past-perfect。
2.分号的作用是连接两个独立句子,但是这两个独立的句子意思联系非常紧密。所以分号前后要看成两个独立句子。
in this case, 1981 is actually, irritatingly enough, irrelevant. the only relevant places on the proverbial timeline are (a) when the number of hours started growing (this is the 'earlier event' or FIRST time marker), and (b) 1997 (the SECOND past time marker). because 1997 is in the past, and the 'arrow of relevance' points to / stops at 1997, you use the past perfect.
R 的解释
in 1981,典型的一般过去时时间指示词; by 1997,典型的过去完成时时间指示词。
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