Journalist: In physics journals, the number of articles reporting the results of experiments involving particle accelerators was lower last year than it had been in previous years. Several of the particle accelerators at major research institutions were out of service the year before last for repairs, so it is likely that the low number of articles was due to the decline in availability of particle accelerators.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the journalist's argument?


Every article based on experiments with particle accelerators that was submitted for publication last year actually was published.

The average time scientists must wait for access to a particle accelerator has declined over the last several years.

The number of physics journals was the same last year as in previous years.

Particle accelerators can be used for more than one group of experiments in any given year.

Recent changes in the editorial policies of several physics journals have decreased the likelihood that articles concerning particle-accelerator research will be accepted for publication.

考题讲解

情景:去年,在物理日报中,关于粒子加速器实验结果的文章比以往减少了。几个主要研究所的加速器去年出现故障正在维修。因此,文章数量减少可能是因为可用加速器减少的缘故。

推理:前提给出了关于粒子加速器实验结果的文章减少和加速器去年出现故障的时间关系,结论给出了两者的因果关系,所以本题是相关因果推理。推理结构为:
前提:“粒子加速器实验结果的文章减少”和“加速器去年出现故障”之间存在正相关关系
结论:文章数量减少可能是因为可用加速器减少的缘故

选题方式:相关因果推理有四个评估方向,简而言之,即,答案选项要么同时提及“粒子加速器实验结果的文章减少”和“加速器去年出现故障”,要么给“粒子加速器实验结果的文章减少”另外一个原因。

选项分析:

A选项:去年所投的关于加速器实验的稿件都被发表了。若去年所投的很多稿件没有发表,则其可以给“粒子加速器实验结果的文章减少”另一个原因,属于CQ4:独立第三因素问题,只能加强推理文段。

B选项:近年来,科学家等待用加速器的平均时间有所下降。等待用加速器的时间下降只能表示加速器被用的次数可能会更多,和推理文段的因果关系不大。

C选项:去年物理日报的数量跟以往一样。物理日报的数量和粒子加速器实验结果的文章数量并没有必然关系。

D选项:
加速器每年可供一个以上的研究所使用。本选项讨论的是加速器的性质,和推理文段的因果无关。

E选项:
Correct. 几家物理报的编辑政策有多变化,减小了加速器被发表的可能性。本选项给“粒子加速器实验结果的文章减少”另一个原因,即,不是因为故障,而是因为不让发表文章了,属于CQ4:独立第三因素问题

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