A newly discovered painting seems to be the work of one of two seventeenth century artists, either the northern German Johannes Drechen or the Frenchman Louis Birelle, who sometimes painted in the same style as Drechen. Analysis of the carved picture frame, which has been identified as the painting's original seventeenth-century frame, showed that it is made of wood found widely in northern Germany at the time, but rare in the part of France where Birelle lived. This shows that the painting is most likely the work of Drechen.

Which of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?


The frame was made from wood local to the region where the picture was painted.

Drechen is unlikely to have ever visited the home region of Birelle in France.

Sometimes a painting so resembles others of its era that no expert is able to confidently decide who painted it.

The painter of the picture chose the frame for the picture.

The carving style of the picture frame is not typical of any specific region of Europe.

考题讲解

情景:新发现了一幅画,但是我们不确定这幅画是谁画的。有两个人可能是画的作者,由于制作这幅画的框架的木材被广泛发现于德国北部,但是很少发现于法国,因此,这幅画肯定是德国北部的那个画家画的。

推理:本题属于明显的考古类型题目,结论给出了从现象推理出的本质原因,因此其属于明显的果因推理
顺序的因果逻辑:因为这幅画是德国北部的画家画的,所以这幅画的框架的木材来自于德国北部
(果)前提:这幅画的框架的木材来自于德国北部
(因)结论:这幅画是德国北部的画家画的

选题方式:果因推理有两个评估方向,简而言之,即(由于本题问的是加强,所以答案选项需在“取非”后满足),要么给出 “画的框架的木材来自于德国北部”的另外一个原因,要么讨论“这幅画是德国北部的画家画的”与“画的框架的木材来自于德国北部”之间的关系。

选项分析:

A选项:Correct. 画框是用画这幅画的地点的木材制作的。若对本选项取非,则有:画框的木材并非是画画地点的木材。其可以解释为什么这幅画的框架的木材来自于德国北部,而不一定是由于画这幅画的地点才德国北部。属于CQ1:说明结果问题

B选项:Drechen不可能曾经到访过Birelle的家乡地区。无论Drechen是否拜访过Birelle,都无法证明他画这幅画的时候的地点以及画框制作的地点。

C选项:有些时候绘画作品太像了如此以至于没有专家可以自信的确定是谁画的。由于推理文段中并没有说出这幅画是否和别的作品很像,所以本选项无关推理文段中的因和果。

D选项:
 画画的人决定这幅画的画框。就算是Drechen选择的画框,我们也不能证明这个画框是否来自于德国北部。

E选项:
画框上的雕纹不是欧洲任何地区的典型雕纹。雕纹与画框的材质无关。

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