Normally, the pineal gland governs a person's sleepwake cycle by secreting melatonin in response to the daily cycle of light and darkness as detected by the eye. Nonetheless, many people who are totally blind due to lesions in the visual cortex of the brain easily maintain a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle. So the neural pathway by which the pineal gland receives information from the eye probably does not pass through the visual cortex.
For purposes of evaluating the argument it would be most useful to establish which of the following?
Whether melatonin supplements help people who have difficulty maintaining a 24-hour sleep cycle to establish such a pattern
Whether the melatonin levels of most totally blind people who successfully maintain a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle change in response to changes in exposure to light and darkness
Whether melatonin is the only substance secreted by the pineal gland
Whether most people who do not have a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle nevertheless have a cycle of consistent duration
Whether there are any people with normal vision whose melatonin levels respond abnormally to periods of light and darkness
情景:通常,松果体通过分泌褪黑激素来控制一个人的睡-醒循环,而释放褪黑激素是眼睛对其探测到的光和暗的一种反应。然而,许多因为大脑视觉皮质受到损伤致盲的人可以很容易地维持24小时的睡-醒循环。所以,从眼睛到松果体的神经传导可能不通过大脑的视觉皮质。
推理:由于前提和结论讲的是两件事,并且结论为因,所以本题为果因推理。
我真的觉得选项B质疑了前提,因为前提说褪黑素调节睡眠节律,但是这些受损的盲人睡眠节律正常,那么理应是他们激素水平没有问题,松果体能正常接收光信号。
B讨论他们的激素水平正不正常,言下之意:他们松果体可能没有接收到信号。
但题目的意思是这些盲人松果体既然可以接受光信号,到底光信号要不要通过大脑皮质?
不知道我这个逻辑有没有问题?
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