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题库 / OG2016-RC-16
When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United States in 1916, he arrived at precisely the right historical moment. What made the moment right was the return of African American soldiers from the First World War in 1918, which created an ideal constituency for someone with Garvey's message of unity, pride, and improved conditions for African American communities.
Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities. They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war. Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture's expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills long-standing expectations.
Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history. But such an argument only tends to obscure the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community. Garvey did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression.
It can be inferred from the passage that the "scholars" mentioned in the highlighted text believe which of the following to be true?
Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War.
Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States.
The prevailing sensibility of the African American community provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey's political appeal.
Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American community.
The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans.
题目分析：
文章推断题：通过文章可以推断，高亮的学者会同意以下哪点？
原文：一些学者同意，Garvey创造了一个consciousness, 1920年代他从这个consciousness中又创造了非裔美国人历史上最大的复兴运动。
选项分析：
A选项：第一次世界大战后回国的非裔美国人的政治激进主义造就了复兴运动：高亮的学者认为是MG的consciousness造成了复兴运动，而不是非裔美国人的政治激进主义造就了复兴运动。
B选项：正确。MG不得不改变一些流行的观点，为了给他的运动找到一个立足点：这些学者认为MG创造了新的consciousness，那么他一定是改变了一些东西才能创造新的。
C选项：非裔美国人的流行的敏感性给MG的政治呼吁提供了基础：这些学者认为MG的consciousness给非裔美国人的复兴运动提供基础，而不是非裔美国人自己的sensibility给MG提供政治基础。
D选项：MG希望在非裔美国人群体中复兴文化和历史认同的意识：这些学者认为MG是要创造一个新的consciousness，而不是复兴以前已经存在的。
E选项：MG帮忙兴起的运动的目标是在非裔美国人中建立自尊心和团结：这些学者认为MG是先创造consciousness，然后再兴起运动，即consciousness是运动的前提。并不是说创造这些consciousness是运动的目标。
Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history.
定位：Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history. 这里的consciousness是之后于movement产生的。
scholar的意思就是那个牙买加人的观点是首创的、独创的
结合下文，那肯定就是之前没有人这么想，那么想让人家接受新观点，肯定要花大力气推翻旧观点
易混淆的是D选项，原句是历史上首创的consciousness，不是关于历史的consciousness
这道题文中只是说the scholars believe that Garvey created the consciousness that led to the revitalization movement。从这里怎么看出MG为了给在美国的大规模运动找个立足点不得不改变大量的广泛接受的观点？
首先定位，发现学者观点就是：Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history
弄清楚学者认为MG created sth
所以A是作者的观点
C方向反了，不是foundation
D.E 是hope和 goal那都是过程之类的，时间发展顺序上不符合
所以选B change a number of prevailing attitudes是Garvey created the consciousness的替换
赞同
T 437 P3的1中提到的scholar会相信下面哪个观点是正确的 （infer题）
A（ 复兴是因为在第一次世界大战后回来的美国黑人士兵的政治活跃，不符合原文）
B（MG为了给在美国的大规模运动找个立足点不得不改变大量的广泛接受的观点）符合MG是create这个意识
C（美国黑人社团的广泛的敏感性为M的政治取向提供基础，学者更强调M的创造性）
D（MG希望复兴在美国黑人社团中的文化和历史身份的意识，并没有提到）
E（M帮助提出的运动的目标是在美国黑人中建立pride和unity）这些学者认为这个意识不会先于M做的努力
错选C选项：学者提到的是G创造了一种意识，并没有提到“非洲美国人的这种普遍的敏感“，也没提这种敏感为G的政治诉求打基础；
D选项：Garvey created the consciousness from which he built the largest revitalization movement in African American history. 创立的新的意识，不是复兴之前的意识
E选项：new one, G要he gave this consciousness its political expression，也就是G要改变之前的consciousness.
A选项：学者认为G创造了引起复兴的意识，而这种political activism是来自G，而不是士兵；
B选项：原文But such an argument only tends to obscure the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community. Garvey did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression.这里的consciousness不是G的consciousness, 而是大众的意识，Garvey创造的不适这种意识，他试图改变这种意识change a number of prevailing attitudes
错选D。重点要理解 Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States.其中“prevailing attitudes"指的不是他自己的attitudes而是美国大众或者说黑人们的attitudes.
因为scholar们认为consciousness是MG create出来的，所以可以想象他是通过努力改变了其他人的太多raise awareness/consciousness。所以应选B.
而D目前看到它错的地方是，虽然我们可以推断出MG有revitalize的hope，但是这样的他想要实现的东西是culture that fulfills long-standing expectations而不是cultural and historical identity in the African American community
赞同，D还有一处错误，那就是MG hoped to [revitalize] consciousness ，能够revitalize的东西，必定是之前有过的，而Some scholars认为MG created the consciousness，就证明他们认为consciousness是之前所无的，因此D与原文矛盾。
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CDE都说反了，都是说意识形态consciousness存在于主人公的复兴运动之前，错
A 和原文from which对应
Garvey created the consciousness from which he built
http://file.xdf.cn/uploads/150922/708_150922140856s7lopaMCZILa4ruu.png
activism 激进主义 行动主义
change a number of prevailing attitudes是Garvey created the consciousness的替换
首先定位，发现学者观点就是：Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history
弄清楚学者认为MG created sth
所以A是作者的观点
C方向反了，不是foundation
D.E 是hope和 goal那都是过程之类的，时间发展顺序上不符合
所以选B change a number of prevailing attitudes是Garvey created the consciousness的替换
错选D，现在懂了 infer的题真得转个弯 （翻个白眼）
首先要注意关键词：”these scholar“ 与 作者态度的不同
前者认为 new sense of pride and unity是 MG这个人首创
作者认为 这个东西本身已经存在，不是MG首创
所以这里得问题是：这种精神是否为MG首创，如果不是， MG要宣扬这种新得精神是不是会有很多阻碍？（B选项）
A显然不对
C是作者得观点
D和E与问题重点“是否首创”无关
这题做起来像逻辑题...
E 的OG解释没有看懂，什么叫G's movement was built on a new sense of pride and unity that he provided, and that sense did not precede G's work.
原文的意思是说，MG这个人先create了consciousness，然后用这个consciousness build 了the largest revitalization movement。但是E选项说的是，MG这个人通过the largest revitalization movement从而去建立consciousness，因此这个选项该改变了原文的意思。就是OG解释的那样
好的谢谢，我再看看原文 可能是脉络还不够清晰
他说的不对，E选项的意思是：建立运动目标的基础是美国黑人的自信和团结， E没有提到G所创造的consciousness, 所以是错的。
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E错在哪里呢
foothold-立足点
http://gmat.xdf.cn/201509/10348896.html
B-一些学者相信他创造了固定的意识形态，引发了复兴运动。他不得不改变了当时广为流行的态度，为自己的复兴运动找到
"creating a consciousness" means that you're making people conscious of some idea for the first time... in other words, an idea of which they were previously unaware.
turning unawareness into awareness = "changing attitudes".
还是没懂 最后一段说的怎么看都和change没关系
这是infer题，比detail题需要一点yy。author的argue是非裔美国人有了这种意识，G只是把它政治化。scholar的argue是G直接创造了这种意识，因此就要change大众的想法态度
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