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题库 / OG2016-SC-48
Digging in sediments in northern China, evidence has been gathered by scientists suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than they had previously thought.
evidence has been gathered by scientists suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than they had
evidence gathered by scientists suggests a much earlier emergence of complex life-forms than had been
scientists have gathered evidence suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than
scientists have gathered evidence that suggests a much earlier emergence of complex life-forms than that which was
scientists have gathered evidence which suggests a much earlier emergence of complex life-forms than that
题目分析：
题目的开头是一个现在分词短语（Digging in sediments in northern China），句首出现的现在分词短语肯定是伴随状语。
选项分析：
A选项：伴随状语中的现在分词的主语在语法上和其修饰的句子的主语相同，在本选项中，其主语为evidence。但是，在逻辑上，能挖出沉淀物的只能是“人”，而不能是“证据”。比较对象不对等。本选项than后面用了过去完成时，而过去完成时表达的是在某个过去时的过去，即，emerged的过去。但显然地，“科学家认为”这个事件不可能发生在emerge这个动作之前。
B选项：Digging的主语错误同(A)；本选项中suggest的宾语是一个名词短语（a much earlier emergence of complex life-forms），这是不正确的，suggest（表明）身后通常只能跟宾语从句。这点考查了“名词和从句的区别”。用之于本题，即：
evidence gathered by scientists suggests a much earlier emergence of complex life-forms
是不正确的。这是因为，证据表明的事情，通常是一个事实，而虽然“出现（emerge）”这个动作有终点，但是这个事实是一直存在的，即，事实不具有时间的概念，自然没有时间终止点。只能用宾语从句。
另外，比较对象错误同(A)。
C选项：Correct. 本选项在逻辑和语法上均是正确的。
D选项：suggest的宾语是一个名词短语（a much earlier emergence of complex life-forms）错误同(B)；比较对象不对等。that是代词，指代对象仅能是一个名词，而本题真正对比的应该是两种情况（真实情况vs科学家以前认为的情况）。
E选项：本选项错误同(D)。
名词和从句的区别？
先确定主语，再明白含义：比科学家们之前想的要早。就可以解题了
(1) ... emerged earlier than previously thought. (2) ... emerged earlier than that which was previously thought.(3) ... emerged earlier than that previously thought.
All three of those are 100% grammatically correct. Option #1 says this idea with the fewest words, and options #2 & #3 say the same thing with more words than needed. Saying anything with more words than needed is always wrong on the GMAT SC.
这位举的例子是有问题的，大家别被误导了
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One big strike against both (D) and (E) is the use of the noun "emergence" over the verb "emerge". This is an action-word. Making action-words verbs makes a sentence direct and powerful. Making the action-words nouns or adjectives makes things indirect, lily-livered, and wordy, as is the case with both (D) & (E).
The fact that there is no comma following the word "evidence" means that the modifier following it is a vital noun modifier, a.k.a. a restrictive modifier. The GMAT always uses "that" for restrictive/vital modifiers, and always uses "which" for non-restrictive/non-vital modifiers. Thus, the "which" is wrong here: that's one problem with (E).
我觉得从suggest 后面也可以判断。BDE选项 suggest 后面的核心词都是emergence 证据表明的是一个事实，而不是emergence 名词 这样理解可以吗
请问他们原来想到不是发生在emerge之前吗？这个不是之前和之后对比吗？
对啦
E选项中的evidence which suggests 是不是错了？
非限定性表示解释说明，而并非所有收集到的证据都表明了题中陈述的事实。
E中也是限定性定语从句。限和非限，要用是否有逗号来判断，不能用that和which来判断。
老师，这个是什么意思啊， 限定性不是看which和that吗？
为什么曼哈顿语法里只有which加逗号是非限从句的解释，不加逗号只能用that呢。求大神解答
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本题中evidence suggesting 和 evidence that suggests是不是都对 ，ing和从句是相等的？
是的。
所以suggest +ing 是形容 evidence？有什么例子是ing动词也用来形容主语吗？
请问老师这里的ing是分词修饰suggest还是名词修饰suggest
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C选项的suggesting表明 在收集证据的每时每刻都在suggesting... 是不是有点不对？应该是先收集证据才能suggesting
不是。ing短语（这里的suggest学名应该是现在分词短语）不表达“正在进行”，而是和正常的从句差不多（这里是定语从句），可以表达同时发生， 也可以表达之前发生。例如在选项B解释中关键字“名词和从句的区别”中的例句，I remembered telling her中的ing短语telling her就是发生在remember这个动作之前的。
那怎么区分这两种情况？如果都做定语从句，什么情况下表“正在进行“，什么情况下用正常从句？I remembered telling her中ing短语telling her做宾语，是等同于宾语从句that I had told her的。但是在做定语从句时很难区分啊。
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A 逻辑论元，从digging得知，主句主语为科学家；
B 同A；
C ；
D 外延和内涵，在定语从句中，suggest 约束力弱，用动词形态
E 同D；
我觉得应该从比较入手，而不是suggest啊，因为我也可以说，证据要研究过才能证实证据表明了复杂生命形式的存在。
对啦，然而emergence考虑到了，但是想成了名词和动名词的区别，记差了