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题库 / OG2016-SC-112
Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world's social wasps, wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of females—the queen and her sterile female workers.
wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of
wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of
which means they live in a highly cooperative and organized society, almost all
which means that their society is highly cooperative, organized, and it is almost entirely
living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized, and it consists of almost all
题目分析：
本题主句的谓语动词number长得有点像名词，这使得很多考生读完了一遍句子发现自己好像没有看懂。从划线部分开始其实是一个同位语，同位the world’s social wasps。
选项分析：
A选项：复数代词they在语法上只能指代复数名词wasps，但是在逻辑上，由女王和工人组成的应该是某一个社会（society）而不是wasps。
B选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
C选项：which means引导的是定语从句，必须就近修饰一个单数名词，但是在整个主句中皆没有单数名词，因此，本选项具有语法错误。
D选项：which means错误同(C)；it is almost entirely females中的be动词措辞有误，应该是it consists almost entirely females。另外，本选项中并列连词and连接的是Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world's social wasps和it is almost entirely females—the queen and her sterile female workers（不能和live并列的原因是and身前的逗号以及live句是一个定语从句，而and身后这个句子并不缺少任何成分，肯定不是定语从句）。在逻辑上，“黄蜂是什么”和“社会的组成”之间没有并列的关系。
E选项：并列连词and连接对象错误同(D)。
——语法——
1）主谓不一致
C、D：【Yellow jackets】 number among the 900 or so species of the world's social wasps, which 【means❌】
——句意——
1）指代错误
A：Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world's social wasps, wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where 【they❌】 consist almost entirely of females—the queen and her sterile female workers.
2）并列错误
D：【Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world's social wasps】, which means that their society is highly cooperative, organized, and 【it is almost entirely females—the queen and her sterile female workers.】❌ 两者并列句意有误
E：【Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world's social wasps】, living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized, and 【it consists of almost all females—the queen and her sterile female workers.】❌ 两者并列句意有误
E：Yellow jackets是主语，number是谓语动词，E的结构是，YJ number...,living...，and it consists of...这里的living由于逗号分隔倾向修饰于主句主语YJ，而实际是修饰wasps，and 连接的也时主句，it不可指代主句主语复数YJs,出现指代混乱
which means排除CD，因为which在GMAT里边只能指代名词，不能指代”一件事“。
E里边living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized是状语，修饰的是前面的句子，cooperative和organized之间用的逗号；Yellow jackets number among ...social wasps和后面的and it consists of almost all ...并列，那么it就是指代的yellow jackets，应该用复数代词。
A里边where they consist ...的they应该指代的是单数的society，错误。
B consisting almost ...是做的society的定语，正确。
E
Consist of almost包括了几乎所有的女性
consist almost of 几乎都是由女性组成
E：同时，只是两者并列的话，中间要用连词and，不能直接cooperative逗号organized
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为什么CD的which不能作为非限制性定语从句指代整个主句呢？从语义上说，「数量这件事」作为主语来接means XXX似乎也更合理。以及不太确定同位语可以重复先行词。
A选项：复数代词they在语法上只能指代复数名词wasps，但是在逻辑上，由女王和工人组成的应该是某一个社会（society）而不是wasps。
A consist of B,C,D： A 由B,C,D 构成， 自行车由车架，车轮，把手，坐垫构成：
which从句排除CD
A中的they指代不明，应是社会（单数）组成，而非黄蜂组成（错的地方就在这里）
E中前面的number和后面的it consists不平行
sc
consisting 由。。组成
不能用where修饰society
考点：
number，动词，计入，乍看没动词，看了很长时间，合理推测吧
考查很简单，waps的修饰从句，waps that。。。
society用which修饰，不能用where
A选项：复数代词they在语法上只能指代复数名词wasps，但是在逻辑上，由女王和工人组成的应该是某一个社会（society）而不是wasps。
同位语与先行词通常不能是同一个东西，如代词不能同位被指代的名词。语意上没有其他更适当的词语可以用来指代被同位部分时，也可以将被同位部分重新写一次，再加上不同的修饰语构成同位语。如：生活在高度集中的社会的wasps同位the world's social wasps；a development that……同位to develop a silicon chip这个动作。
E，伴随状语+主语结构，一个动作能不能作伴随状语，一看主句主语能不能做伴随状语的逻辑主语；二看主句发生与伴随状语的发生有木有逻辑关系。黄衫蜂隶属于900中群居蜂之一跟黄衫蜂生活在群居社会里没有逻辑关系。不能说因为它生活在群居社会，所以它隶属于群居蜂，这俩是一件事情，用并列。
E，and+句子，中间没有that的，基本都是跟主句并列。黄衫蜂隶属于群居蜂VS社会都是女性，这两件事并列难以理解。
consist of，包含，用主动式。如：The committee consists of ten members. 委员会由十人组成。；Their diet consisted largely of vegetables. 他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。My work at that time just consisted of typing letters. 我那时的工作只包含打信。
consist of=be comprised of。如：The group consists of/comprises/is made up of/is composed of/is comprised of ten people. 这个小组由十个人组成。
A选项they应该指的是society中的女王和工人这个整体，而不是wasps
C选项引导的定语从句必须就近修饰
D选项，同样是定语从句错误
E选项，平行对象错误
consist of 由。。。组成
同位语
http://gmat.zhan.com/zhenti/28324.html
没看出是同位语句
1.在逻辑上，“黄蜂是什么”和“社会的组成”之间没有并列的关系。
2.同位语有两种：
1-COMMA + ABSTRACT NOUN is allowed to stand for the ENTIRE IDEA OF THE PRECEDING CLAUSE.
例如：the coach tried to put 5 receivers on the line, a strategy that failed.
--> here, "a strategy" (an ABSTRACT noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of putting 5 receivers on the line.
2-COMMA + CONCRETE NOUN usually stands for the DIRECTLY PRECEDING NOUN.
例如：i went to the bar with john smith, a consultant in los angeles.
cooperative and organized 平行，修饰society，consisting做society的状语，表示society 由“almost entirely of females”组成