The World Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels, will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful to their habitats.
a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,
a phenomenon most scientists agree that is caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,
a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings' burning of fossil fuels,
which most scientists agree on as a phenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,
which most scientists agree to be a phenomenon caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,
题目分析:
本题的划线部分是global warming的同位语或者定语,它的变化并不影响整个句子主干的表达。
选项分析:
A选项:首先我们需要先把这个句型看懂,由于先行词a phenomenon在其身后的定语从句中充当宾语,所以这里省略了引导词that,补全则有:
a phenomenon that most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels
在定语从句中,若将先行词代入位置,则有:
most scientists agree a phenomenon to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels
在本选项中,引起这个现象的是human beings in burning fossil fuels,这个名词短语中的核心词是human beings。但在逻辑上,真正引起气候变暖的应该是人类焚烧化石能源这个行为,而不是人类本身。
另外,agree A to be B不是正确的表达,应该用agree that A do B。(考查“不定式和从句的区别”,由于agree的约束力较弱,所以必须用宾语从句)
B选项:本选项中先行词a phenomenon实际上是做agree的宾语从句中的主语,即:
most scientists agree that a phenomenon is caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings
同(A)理,正引起气候变暖的应该是人类焚烧化石能源这个行为,而不是化石燃料本身。
C选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确。本选项a phenomenon身后的定语从句学名叫嵌入式关系分句。
D选项:cause逻辑主语的核心词错误同(A)。
E选项:cause逻辑主语的核心词错误同(B)。
(转)其实这题的fatal error就在于caused by xxx的xxx上,至于同位语还是定语从句,如果用Ron的话说就是both are fine,无法作为the basis of elimination of the option,我们要排除某个的依据是致命错误,真不是这个比那个感觉好所以选这个啥那个。首先搞清楚,温室效应is caused by 人类燃烧煤炭,注意,既不是casued by人类,也不是caused by煤炭,而是人类燃烧煤炭这个动作,或说这个举措,这也是本道题的考点。
Ron对此反复举例说明,怎么用名词性结构来形容一个动作?要用“所有格”结构。即“sb\'s doing/done”。例如: People laughed at my walking to the classroom, 人们笑的既不是我也不是教室,而是我走向教室的这个动作。
关于b纠正一下老师:
先还原倒装:
most scientists agree a phenomenon that is caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels
先行词作从句主语,翻译
许多科学家同意一个因为人类燃烧化油而造成的现象
老师的还原变成了agree that, 结构上还是有细微区别的。
但不影响我们因为caused by "human beings"排除这个答案。
定语从句的先行词同时是宾语从句中的宾语:嵌入式分句
即使在从句中也不要忘了的语义的分析
idioms:agree to be/do是错误的
(转)其实这题的fatal error就在于caused by xxx的xxx上,至于同位语还是定语从句,如果用Ron的话说就是both are fine,无法作为the basis of elimination of the option,我们要排除某个的依据是致命错误,真不是这个比那个感觉好所以选这个啥那个。首先搞清楚,温室效应is caused by 人类燃烧煤炭,注意,既不是casued by人类,也不是caused by煤炭,而是人类燃烧煤炭这个动作,或说这个举措,这也是本道题的考点。
Ron对此反复举例说明,怎么用名词性结构来形容一个动作?要用“所有格”结构。即“sb\'s doing/done”。例如: People laughed at my walking to the classroom, 人们笑的既不是我也不是教室,而是我走向教室的这个动作。
agree to do错误
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idioms:agree to be/do是错误的。排除AE,
D:强调的是科学家们统一温室效应是一种现象。BC强调科学家们同意温室效应的成因是什么。排除D
B:成因是化石燃料。C成因是burning。
产生影响的是行为还是人、事
嵌入式分句:In his breast-pocket he had a patch of scarlet, which i suppose was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief.
,agree A to be B不是正确的表达,应该用agree that A do B
agree A to be B不是正确的表达,应该用agree that A do B,且核心词错误可以排除ABDE
感觉老师解释完,再看选项,错误点很清晰了
B项核心词问题需注意
A,be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,by接的是动作的逻辑主语,由人类引起;C,is caused by human beings' burning of fossil fuels,by接的是doing,通过燃烧化石燃料引起了(全球变暖),结构上二者都是可以的。
二者的差异在于燃烧化石燃料的成分差异。A类似于作定语,修饰人类;C直接是cause by的对象。C更好地表达出了燃烧化石燃料与caused这个动作的逻辑关系。
agree A to be B不是正确的表达,应该用agree that A do B。(考查“不定式和从句的区别”,由于agree的约束力较弱,所以必须用宾语从句)
考察:
后:caused by human beings' burning of fossil fuels,而不是by fossil fuels,by human beings , by human beings in burning fossil fuels, 因为引起的是by人类焚烧的行为,而不是中心词人类或者燃料。
这里可以直接排除选c,注意正确的不要犹豫
考察的就是这一点:by 人,by 燃料,还是by 焚烧行为
通常不用by one's doing sth这个句型,也不用by +动名词,用by doing sth或by sb
a phenomenon caused by human beings' burning of fossil fuels=a phenomenon occurring because human beings burn fossil fuels
b选项相当于scientist agreed the phenomenon that(宾语从句),这是不可合理的 因为agree不能接双宾
语意:
是人类引起全球变暖还是人类燃烧化石燃料这件事引起?是事情。人类存在这件事单独不会引起全球变暖,如:如果人类按原始社会的模式存在就不会引起全球变暖。
agree:
agree一件事情而不是同意a phenomenon 这个东西,
A,agree sb to do sth,同意某人做某事。同意一个现象被引起?错误
C,a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings' burning of fossil fuels,=a phenomenon that most scientists agree (that a phenomenon) is caused by human beings' burning of fossil fuels,同意一件事,ok
真正引起气候变暖的应该是人类焚烧化石能源这个行为,而不是人类本身。,正引起气候变暖的应该是人类焚烧化石能源这个行为,而不是化石燃料本身。
要清楚: 邏輯上,是誰做了這件事 by Action not by people