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题库 / OG2018-CR-589
The heavy traffic in Masana is a growing drain on the city's economy—the clogging of the streets of the central business district alone cost the economy more than $1.2 billion over the past year. In order to address this problem, officials plan to introduce congestion pricing, by which drivers would pay to enter the city's most heavily trafficked areas during the busiest times of the day.
Which of the following, if true, would most strongly indicate that the plan will be a success?
Approximately one-fifth of the vehicles in the central business district are in transit from one side of the city to the other.
Planners expect that, without congestion pricing, traffic in Masana is likely to grow by 6 percent in the next five years.
In other urban areas, congestion pricing has strongly encouraged carpooling (sharing of rides by private commuters).
Several studies have shown that a reduction in traffic of 15 percent in Masana could result in 5,500 or more new jobs.
Over 30 percent of the vehicles in the city’s center are occupied by more than one person.
情景：拥堵问题已经很严重了。为了缓解这个问题，政府打算引入拥堵费，即，驾驶者必须在每天最繁忙的时候付入城费。
推理：很明显，本题是方案推理。
目标：缓解拥堵
方案：引入拥堵费
选题方式：答案选项必须提及方案的内容。
选项分析：
A选项：大概有1/5的中心城区的机动车是从城市的一端开到另一端的。本选项描述的是中心城区汽车的运动方式，这和收取进城的拥堵费无关（只是进城收钱，在城市里怎么行走和进城与否无关）。
B选项：计划者预期，如果没有拥堵费，那么M城的交通将在5年内涨6%。本选项表述的是城市的情况，和是否收拥堵费无关。
C选项：Correct. 在其它的城市，拥堵费很好的鼓励了汽车合用组织。显然地，本选项若成立，则其帮助了方案达成目的，即，因为拥堵费，所以很多人会合用汽车，自然减少了拥堵的可能。
D选项：一些研究表明，交通减少15%可能会导致5500甚至以上的新工作。本选项讲的是目标达成后的好处，和方案无关。
E选项：超过30%的中心城区的汽车被一人以上所拥有。本选项和方案无关。
前提结论结构中的手段目的题
手段：to introduce congestion pricing, by which drivers would pay to enter the city's most heavily trafficked areas during the busiest times of the day
目的：to allevate the heavy traffic
注：选项中必须包含手段；需要解答手段为什么达到目的以及手段怎么达到目的；
A选项：为提到手段，同时也与结论‘拥堵无关’
B选项：权威观点，排除；expect, can, should后面事物不一定发生
C选项：手段导致’拼车‘，进而导致减轻交通压力的目的，解释了为什么达到效果和怎样达到的效果；
D选项：没有提到手段，也没有解释目的能否达成和怎样达成；同时could, should, be expected后的事情不应发生；
E选项：‘超过30%的中心城区的汽车被一人以上所拥有’与结论‘减少拥堵’没有直接一步的因果关系；同时没提到手段－收费
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