In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are in countries where whiplash is not covered. Presently, no objective test for whiplash exists, so it is true that spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified. Nevertheless, these facts do not warrant the conclusion drawn by some commentators that in the countries with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious. Clearly, in countries where automobile insurance does not include compensation for whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that they actually have suffered.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?


The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second is a conclusion that has been based on that claim.

The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is that conclusion.

The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion for which the argument provides further evidence; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.

The first is a finding whose implications are at issue in the argument; the second is a claim presented in order to argue against deriving certain implications from that finding.

The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is evidence presented to establish that the finding is accurate.

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考题讲解

情景：略

推理：第一个黑体字其实是一个既定的现象，推理文段一直在寻求对这种现象的正确的解释。第二个黑体字是推理文段的主结论，也是对第一个黑体字这个现象的一种解释。

选题方式：略

选项分析：

A选项：第一个黑体字是论证所质疑的一个声明；第二个黑体字是基于第一个黑体字所得出的结论。推理文段并没有反对第一个黑体字，而是基于第一个黑体字给出多种推测。

B选项：第一个黑体字是一个用来支持论证接受的结论的证据；第二个黑体字是论证的主结论。第一个黑体字是直接支持推理文段的主结论的。

C选项：第一个黑体字是一个用来支持一个论证为其提供了更多的证据的结论的证据；第二个黑体字是论证的主结论。第一个黑体字是直接支持推理文段的主结论的。

D选项：Correct. 第一个黑体字是一个其含义在论证中被讨论的发现；第二个黑体字是一个为了去反对一个从第一个黑体字中解读出的错误的含义的声明。

E选项：第一个黑体字是一个其准确性被评估的发现；第二个黑体字是确定该发现是准确的证据。推理文段没有讨论第一个黑体字给出的证据的准确性，而是尝试去解释那个证据。

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