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题库 / OG2019-RC-444
Carotenoids, a family of natural pigments, form an important part of the colorful signals used by many animals. Animals acquire carotenoids either directly (from the plants and algae that produce them) or indirectly (by eating insects) and store them in a variety of tissues. Studies of several animal species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefer males with brighter carotenoid-based coloration. Owens and Olson hypothesize that the presence of carotenoids, as signaled by coloration, would be meaningful in the context of mate selection if carotenoids were either rare or required for health. The conventional view is that carotenoids are meaningful because they are rare: healthier males can forage for more of the pigments than can their inferior counterparts. Although this may be true, there is growing evidence that carotenoids are meaningful also because they are required: they are used by the immune system and for detoxification processes that are important for maintaining health. It may be that males can use scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and detoxification or for attracting females. Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.
The idea that carotenoid-based coloration is significant partly because carotenoids are required for health suggests that a lack of bright coloration in a male is most likely to indicate which of the following?
Inefficient detoxification processes
Immunity to parasite infestation
Low genetic resistance to disease
Lack of interest in mating
Lack of carotenoid-storing tissues
题目分析：
文章细节题：新观点认为缺少亮色的雄性？
原文：新观点（C是用于健康目的）认为C用于免疫系统和解毒以维持健康。或许，稀少的C可以用于免疫和解毒，或者吸引异性。更容易感染疾病、寄生虫的雄性必须用C来提高免疫系统；而天生就抵抗强大的雄性会把更多的C用于展示自己（吸引异性）。
选项分析：
A选项：有低效的解毒过程：文章认为，当动物先天不足时，会用C后天弥补；当基因强大时，C就用于展示自己。不管C用于何处（过程），解毒过程都是有效的（结果）。
B选项：有对寄生虫感染的免疫：缺少亮色说明C用于维持健康，说明此动物先天不足。
C选项：正确。没有对疾病的基因免疫：解释同B。
D选项：对异性没兴趣：无关。
E选项：缺少储存C的组织：没提。
其实文章暗含了一个前提，就是C的量是一定的，要么你用来health，要么你就用来装饰。A选项，其实lack of bright并不意味着inefficient detoxification process，相反，是有效的，因为把C用在detoxification process来维持health了。在C的量一定的前提下，用了更多的量来detoxification process，就只有一点点用来装饰自己了，所以就lack of bright
A选项：有低效的解毒过程：文章认为，当动物先天不足时，会用C后天弥补；当基因强大时，C就用于展示自己。不管C用于何处（过程），解毒过程都是有效的（结果）。
与males that are genetically resistant对立的应该选C
A. 与效率高低无关
哦买噶，b是不受寄生虫侵扰，不是受感染，immunity是免疫的意思。。。。。。
rc
看清楚题干关键词“ for health”，漏掉了？？
A选项：有低效的解毒过程：文章认为，当动物先天不足时，会用C后天弥补；当基因强大时，C就用于展示自己。不管C用于何处（过程），解毒过程都是有效的（结果）。
没有读懂文章最后的意思，没理解。。
Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.
对文章最后一句的理解
Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.
更易感染疾病的雄性不得不用C增强免疫系统，而那些基因里就本能抗病的雄性用更少量的C抗病，转而用C来增加颜色->没有提到 detoxification processes
A：无关概念，题目没有提到detoxification的效率高低问题，也没有把它的效率和carotenoids的水平高低进行联系。
B：与分析答案方向相反，能够免疫疾病的动物应该体内carotenoids更多，因为它们不需要利用carotenoids来提抗疾病。
C：√由题干定位句分析可得：如果动物体内carotenoids较少，它们就是自身抵御疾病的能力较差，用掉了carotenoids来抵御疾病。
D：文章没有提到雄性对于伴侣的interest，只说了雌性对于它们的伴侣是否有兴趣
E：不在定位范围，且与文章信息不符。文章开头说所有动物都可以把carotenoids储存在不同的组织中。
注意原文信息的置换：genetically resistant在选项中是genetic resistance 其实很明显了
请问A怎么错了？
"Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead."
more susceptible to disease and parasites (low genetic resistance to disease) use C to boost immune systems. So not bright.
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