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题库 / OG2019-RC-445
Carotenoids, a family of natural pigments, form an important part of the colorful signals used by many animals. Animals acquire carotenoids either directly (from the plants and algae that produce them) or indirectly (by eating insects) and store them in a variety of tissues. Studies of several animal species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefer males with brighter carotenoid-based coloration. Owens and Olson hypothesize that the presence of carotenoids, as signaled by coloration, would be meaningful in the context of mate selection if carotenoids were either rare or required for health. The conventional view is that carotenoids are meaningful because they are rare: healthier males can forage for more of the pigments than can their inferior counterparts. Although this may be true, there is growing evidence that carotenoids are meaningful also because they are required: they are used by the immune system and for detoxification processes that are important for maintaining health. It may be that males can use scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and detoxification or for attracting females. Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.
The passage suggests that relatively bright carotenoidbased coloration is a signal of which of the following characteristics in males of certain animal species?
Readiness for mating behavior
Ability to fight
Particular feeding preferences
Recovery from parasite infestation
Fitness as a mate
题目分析：
文章细节题：文章认为亮的雄性有什么特点？
选项分析：
A选项：愿意交配：没有提到。
B选项：战斗力爆表：没有提到。
C选项：特殊的进食偏好：没有提到。
D选项：从寄生虫感染中恢复出来：文章的新观点只是认为更亮的雄性更健康，基因更强大。
E选项：正确。合适的伴侣：原文写到雌性动物更喜欢亮的雄性。
错误的将D理解成 从寄生虫感染中恢复过来，这个选项意思应该是 从寄生虫感染中恢复过来就是bright的signal，这个逻辑是不对的，文中认为健康才会更亮
D选项：从寄生虫感染中恢复出来：文章的新观点只是认为更亮的雄性更健康，基因更强大。
文中只提到“healthier”，没有提到“recovery”！（原文没有明确提到的内容尽量不选，这需要主观猜测补充）
E选项：正确。合适的伴侣：原文写到雌性动物更喜欢亮的雄性。
Fitness（n. 健康；适当；适合性） as a mate；fitness不管翻译成健康还是合适性都符合原文意思！
和recovery无关，D选项变成bright是recovery from parasite infestation的signal，错误
E选项fitness指的是“合适”，正确
females prefer males with brighter carotenoid-based coloration.
fitness as a mate：合适的伴侣
错误原因：选项理解错误/定位错误，D理解成从parasite infection recover的能力（但实际还是错误）
题目已经给出定位了： bright carotenoidbased coloration---when choosing mates, females prefer males with brighter carotenoid-based coloration
同时也可从最后一句看出：whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.---即表示他们genetically more healthy,即fitness
fitness 适当适合健康
重点“bright carotenoidbased coloration” 没有仔细读文章啊
Studies of several animal species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefer males with brighter carotenoid-based coloration.
445.题目问有bright carotenoid-based coloration的雄性有以下什么特点?定位原文第6行" Studies of severalanimal species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefermales with brighter carotenoid-based coloration. "
A：不在定位范围
B：不在定位范围
C：不在定位范围
D：不在定位范围
E：√fitness此处翻译为" 适当，适合"。文中说雌性更喜欢brightercarotenoid-based coloration的雄性，可以推得这样的雄性对于雌性来说更适合作为伴侣。
mating 交配... 只能理解attracting 不一定是会到mating这一步，所以fitness 更好一些。