People who do regular volunteer work tend to live longer, on average, than people who do not. It has been found that "doing good," a category that certainly includes volunteer work, releases endorphins, the brain's natural opiates, which induce in people a feeling of well-being. Clearly, there is a connection: Regular releases of endorphins must in some way help to extend people's lives.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the force of the evidence given as support for the hypothesis that endorphins promote longevity?


People who do regular volunteer work are only somewhat more likely than others to characterize the work they do for a living as "doing good."

Although extremely high levels of endorphins could be harmful to health, such levels are never reached as a result of the natural release of endorphins.

There are many people who have done some volunteer work but who do not do such work regularly.

People tend not to become involved in regular volunteer work unless they are healthy and energetic to begin with.

Releases of endorphins are responsible for the sense of well-being experienced by many long-distance runners while running.

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情景：凡是经常性参加志愿工作的人都会比不参加的人更加长寿。由于做好事的感觉会让大脑释放一种内啡肽，所以内啡肽是导致人们长寿的原因。

推理：前提：凡是经常性参加志愿工作的人都会比不参加的人更加长寿。结论：内啡肽导致人们长寿。由于前提给出了内啡肽和志愿工作的对等关系，所以本题是相关因果推理。在前提中，我们可以发现“经常性参加志愿工作”和“长寿”之间存在统计关联。由于前提为统计关联，结论为因果关系，因此推理文段是相关因果推理。
前提：volunteering和longevity之间存在正相关关系
结论：Volunteering boosts longevity

选题方式：相关因果推理有四个评估方向，简而言之，即，答案选项要么同时提及“volunteering/内啡肽”和longevity，要么给longevity另外一个原因。

选项分析：

A选项：经常性做志愿工作的人仅仅是更喜欢把他们做的工作归类为“做好事”。本选项没有提及长寿。

B选项：虽然高剂量的内啡肽可以对身体有害，但是人体是不会自然产生出这么多的内啡肽的。本选项没有提及长寿。

C选项：很多人做过一些志愿工作但是没有规律性的做。本选项没有提及长寿。

D选项：Correct. 只有那些健康的人才会去做志愿工作。本选项既提到了志愿工作，又提到了长寿。属于CQ3：因果方向问题。

E选项：释放内啡肽给那些跑步的人带来了很爽的感觉。本选项没有提及长寿。

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