2001 proved to be the automaker's first losing year since 1992, when the company had lost $7.4 billion, which was primarily because of almost $7 billion in accounting charges.
when the company had lost $7.4 billion, which was primarily because of
when the company had lost $7.4 billion, primarily resulting from
when the company lost $7.4 billion, primarily because of
which is when the company lost $7.4 billion, and that was primarily because of
which is when the company lost $7.4 billion, primarily resulting from
if we're going to say "had lost", we need to name another subsequent event/circumstance that either (a) ended that trend or (b) was affected by that trend.
the key is that you don't use past perfect unless you have 2 past time markers, the earlier of which has a distinct impact on, or relevance to, the later.
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