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题库 / Prep2008E1-SC-255
Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
Executives' being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.
Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
题目分析：
be committed to是一个习惯用语，意思是：致力于、献身于。例如：We will consistently be committed to providing our customers with cost-effective products. （我们致力于为客户提供具备竞价比的产品）
选项分析：
A选项：本选项中的第二个it是形式主语，指代likely身后的不定式短语to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them。第一个it是纯粹的代词，指代a course of action。从代词指代对象这个角度来说，本选项没有错误（当然，这里的it用one来替代是更好的，详见：代词）。请注意，在一个句子中（GMAT句子改错的考题都是一个句子，所以可以认为在一道句子改错的题目中），只有当两个以上的it（its）或they（them/their）均为真正代词（非形式主语），我们才需要保证它们指代同一个名词。本选项的主要错误在于，heavy commitment是一个纯名词，但其应该改为being heavily committed这一动名词短语。这点考查了“名词和ing的区别”。用之于本题，“过分致力于之前的行为”这个事件在本句中没有时间终止点。（本句只讲了这件事的后果是让人错失掉危机的先兆，但我们并不能从句中读出“过分致力于之前的行为”是否会有终止点）
B选项：本选项的谓语动词make不正确。主语是an executive。在逻辑上，执行者应该是自己更容易错失掉trouble，而不应该是使（make）错失掉trouble变得更加可能。
C选项：especially if it has worked well in the past是条件状语。状语和定语均属于修饰成分，均具有就近修饰的原则。本选项中距离这个条件状语最近的句子是when they do appear。但是，在逻辑上，该条件状语应该是be committed to的修饰语。
D选项：本选项中的宾格代词them的指代对象是executives。本选项的意思为：执行者的致力于某一种行动方针的做法让执行者错过一些困难的征兆成为了可能。通读中文即可发现本选项的写法较为“啰嗦”。实际上，第一个所有格定语（Executives’）是赘余的。这是因为，让执行者错误问题，肯定是执行者自己致力于某种行动方针。
E选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。此处being heavily committed to a course of action是一个被动语态的动名词短语。
上一个回复好多错字。。。
感觉A选项的解释很不好，什么纯名词就比动名词好。太牵强了。
我觉得最明显的错误就是，makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble里面it的错误，这里没有subject，这个it就算指代to do不定时，意思也是不完整的。到底是谁likely miss?? 所以逻辑意思不完整。
同意
我以为it是形式宾语不是代词。。。。commitment makes it likely to miss signs意思是c使miss signs变的可能/c使得有miss signs的可能性。。。。
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1. be committed to
2. 不是"An executive"這個人 makes missing signs of incipient trouble 而是 Being heavily committed to a course of action, 這件事
3.2.仔細觀察正確選項E跟錯誤選項BC的主詞選用差異：
B,C：「墨守成規的執行長」容易忽略問題前兆
E：「墨守成規的習慣」會使執行長容易忽略問題前兆 >>兩句中文都很順！但是按照GMAT的邏輯句意，就事論事，
BC的主詞跟動詞間的邏輯一致性顯然沒有E好。
是事情導致結果，而不是人本身導致結果。
我觉得A和E 主要是E的核心词更好，是过分投入的这个行为，而不是commitment。
COPY ：
几个选项的主语不同，在选项主体结构存在差异的情况下，从选项主体结构的角度去解题，不再纠结于选项细微部分的问题：
A，Commitment make to miss signs likely,承诺本身不会使忽视信号发生，是执行者做了承诺这件事使忽视信号发生。
B，执行者使忽视信号发生，同A，错误。
C，执行者使忽视信号发生，同A，错误。
D，执行者做了承诺使得执行者忽视信号，语意ok。接下来看句子细节，同一个句子里的they/them指代不同的东西，错误！
E，做了承诺这件事情使执行者忽视信号，ok。
我觉得很有道理！还有我自己想的一点就是，原来的句子有by是‘被动‘的所以要在尽可能保持原句格式的情况下找答案，只有D和E是being committed作主语而ABC是executive作主语，所以在DE里选，然后D they/them指代不同，所以选E！
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如果执著于某个行动方案，特别是过去运作良好的方案，很可能会让高管错过初现问题的迹象，或者在问题出现时误解了它们。
Being heavily committed to a course of action（, especially one that has worked well in the past, ）is likely to make an executive miss 【signs】 of incipient trouble or misinterpret【 them】 when【they】 do appear.
坚定地致力于某项行动（，尤其是过去运作良好的行动，）很可能会让一位高管错过初期麻烦的迹象，或者在它们确实出现时误解它们。
动名词(being……）可以做主语：不要轻易排除
C选项：An executive who is heavily committed to a 【course of action】 is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if 【it】 has worked well in the past.
OG的解释是“it”指代不明，因为在逻辑上的指示物“course of action”和代词“it”之间intervene many nouns！
"especially if it has worked well in the past..."是【条件状语。状语和定语均属于修饰成分，均具有"就近修饰"的原则】。本选项中距离这个条件状语最近的句子是when they do appear。但是，在逻辑上，该条件状语应该是be committed to的修饰语。
make someone do sth
A makes it likely to miss... this doesn't work. technically, this would mean that "it" - an unspecified entity - is likely to miss the signs. if you use the "it is ADJ..." construction, and the verb has a specific subject, you MUST include that subject in the construction. it is likely that the executive will miss...
The following sentence is awkward, but grammatically defensible: Commitment makes it likely for an executive to miss signs of trouble.
if "being" expresses IDENTITY or CHARACTERISTICS, then kill it. otherwise, evaluate it on the same merits as you would any other verb., 2，in this case, "being" isn't a modifier; it's a gerund (= NOUN type -ing form). in fact, "being committed" is the subject of this sentence!
选项A的主语不能改变
是 commit to a course of action这个行为导致了。。。。。
A. commitment这个东西导致。。。错误，且if it has worked中的it指代不明，到底是指代heavy commitment还是指代a course of action
B. executive导致了。。。错误
C. it指代不明，与前面指代的名词距离过远，且中间还夹了一个they
D. them指代不明
A选项makes it likely中的it指代也不明
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a选项2个it指代不同
* makes it likely to miss...
this doesn't work.
technically, this would mean that "it" - an unspecified entity - is likely to miss the signs.
if you use the "it is ADJ..." construction, and the verb has a specific subject, you MUST include that subject in the construction. it is likely that the executive will miss...
C选项：especially if it has worked well in the past是条件状语。状语和定语均属于修饰成分，均具有就近修饰的原则。本选项中距离这个条件状语最近的句子是when they do appear。但是，在逻辑上，该条件状语应该是be committed to的修饰语。
ing短语表达的是一种“过程”，通常在句中没有明确的时间终点，相反地，名词短语一般在句中具有明确的时间终点
A：本选项的主要错误在于，heavy commitment是一个纯名词，但其应该改为being heavily committed这一动名词短语。这点考查了“名词和ing的区别”。用之于本题，“过分致力于之前的行为”这个事件在本句中没有时间终止点。（本句只讲了这件事的后果是让人错失掉危机的先兆，但我们并不能从句中读出“过分致力于之前的行为”是否会有终止点）
C选项：especially if it has worked well in the past是条件状语。状语和定语均属于修饰成分，均具有就近修饰的原则。本选项中距离这个条件状语最近的句子是when they do appear。但是，在逻辑上，该条件状语应该是be committed to的修饰语。
D. to miss or misinterpreting这里不平行；第一个所有格定语（Executives’）是赘余的。
A: 两个it指代不一样
B：make。。。likely用法不对，而且是这件事情makes executive miss，而不是An executive makes
C：it指代不明，离修饰的action太远
D：to miss or misinterpreting不平行，代词them也没有指代对象因为executives'是所有格
C：especially if it has worked well in the past是条件状语。状语和定语均属于修饰成分，均具有就近修饰的原则。本选项中距离这个条件状语最近的句子是when they do appear。但是，在逻辑上，该条件状语应该是be committed to的修饰语。
D. to miss or misinterpreting这里不平行
possessives are adjectives, not nouns, so executives' is not an appropriate antecedent for a pronoun. 代词them也没有指代对象因为executives'是所有格
C in (c), on the other hand, we're accidentally saying that the executive will miss the signs even when (s)he doesn't miss them.
感觉A选项的解释很不好，什么春名词就比动名词好。太牵强了。
我觉得最明显的错误就是，makes it likelt to miss signs of incipient trouble里面it的错误，这里没有subject，这个it知道to do不定时不好。到底是likely miss?? 所以逻辑意思不完整。