根本就不能从begin to do 和doing来做这道题。。看看官方吧。 OG12-121解释： B.Particularly red wine cannot describe consumption—the preposition of is needed; the placement of they so far from the position of the antecedent Sales makes the sentence awkward and difficult to decode.

alcogol consumption中alcohol做定语修饰consumption，后面的同位语要同位alcohol consumption，但不能同位alcohol。

同位语必须修饰comma左边紧挨着的词！
B，a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine，结构上red wine做同位语，等于及进一步解释说明名词或句子，先行名词是alcohol consumption，红酒不等于酒精消费，应改为particularly the consumption of red wine，或particularly of red wine

而A中and particularly of red wine中去掉and也是对的（！！and可放在插入语前，不影响逻辑！！）。

begin doing一般是从第三方的角度描述doing这一事件，并不强调这件事的始发时间点，
显然“酒的销量上升”是在“1991年的报告”这个时间点后发生的一个事件，因此应该用begin to do

SC一般选项会有2-3个考点，其中一个考点可以快速排除好几个选项，其他的考点则比较好辨认，一眼就排除一个（看句子结构）

题目释义： Sales declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked A, …,with B.

考点：
代词指代（reference）、平行结构（parallelism）、逻辑意思（Logical predication）
1. link…with/to…固定搭配
2. 代词若离其所指代对象太远，则会造成指代不清的情况。


【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but 【they】began to grow again after the 1991 report [that linked moderate consumption of alcohol（, and particularly of red wine, ）with a reduced risk of heart disease]
葡萄酒的【销量】在 1980 年代后期有所下降，但【销量】又开始增长，在 1991 年的报告将适度饮酒(，尤其是红酒）与降低患心脏病的风险联系起来后
A. （√）
They是完全指代，指代sales of wines； and particularly of red wine中去掉and也是对的(and可放在插入语前，不影响逻辑)；
begin to do或begin doing都正确；
in particular在本题不如particularly有效，因为介词太多句式会复杂。


错误选项分析：
B.【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but after the 1991 report that linked a reduced risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine（少了consumption）,【they 代词太远】 began growing again （×）
red wine与alcohol consumption概念不同，不能同位修饰，应该在red wine后面也补上consumption；
they 离其所指代的sales太远，使得句子理解起来不清晰， awkward；
link A with B， A和B谁在前并不要紧。

C.【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but in a 1991 report, moderate alcohol consumption, and particularly of red wine, 【which 指代错误】 was linked with a reduced risk of heart disease, caused them to begin to grow again （×）
in a 1991 report修饰but后整句，使句意荒谬：在报告里，酒的销量开始上升；
which指代的是red wine，错误(which通常就近指代)；
particularly of red wine与moderate alcohol consumption不平行，后者应改为moderate consumption of alcohol；
cause的主语是consumption，逻辑意思很荒谬，正确的主语应该是report。

D. 【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but with a reduced risk of heart disease linked in a 1991 report with moderate alcohol consumption, in particular （少了of）red wine, 【they 代词太远】 began growing again （×）
red wine不能同位修饰alcohol consumption，要在red wine前面加上of；
they began growing中的they离其指代对象sales过远。

E. 【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but a reduced 【risk 主语错误】of heart disease linked to moderate alcohol consumption in a 1991 report, and in particular red wine, started 【them指代不清】them growing again （×）
in a 1991 report有修饰moderate alcohol consumption的歧义，好像consumption是发生在report里，还是A 的表达最为明确；
in particular red wine无法修饰alcohol consumption，概念不同；
start的主语是risk错误；start them中的them指代不清。

题目释义： Sales declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked A, …,with B.

考点：
代词指代（reference）、平行结构（parallelism）、逻辑意思（Logical predication）
1. link…with/to…固定搭配
2. 代词若离其所指代对象太远，则会造成指代不清的情况。


【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but 【they】began to grow again after the 1991 report [that linked moderate consumption of alcohol（, and particularly of red wine, ）with a reduced risk of heart disease]
葡萄酒的【销量】在 1980 年代后期有所下降，但【销量】又开始增长，在 1991 年的报告将适度饮酒(，尤其是红酒）与降低患心脏病的风险联系起来后
A. （√）
They是完全指代，指代sales of wines； and particularly of red wine中去掉and也是对的(and可放在插入语前，不影响逻辑)；
begin to do或begin doing都正确；
in particular在本题不如particularly有效，因为介词太多句式会复杂。


错误选项分析：
B.【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but after the 1991 report that linked a reduced risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine（少了consumption）,【they 代词太远】 began growing again （×）
red wine与alcohol consumption概念不同，不能同位修饰，应该在red wine后面也补上consumption；
they 离其所指代的sales太远，使得句子理解起来不清晰， awkward；
link A with B， A和B谁在前并不要紧。

C.【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but in a 1991 report, moderate alcohol consumption, and particularly of red wine, 【which 指代错误】 was linked with a reduced risk of heart disease, caused them to begin to grow again （×）
in a 1991 report修饰but后整句，使句意荒谬：在报告里，酒的销量开始上升；
which指代的是red wine，错误(which通常就近指代)；
particularly of red wine与moderate alcohol consumption不平行，后者应改为moderate consumption of alcohol；
cause的主语是consumption，逻辑意思很荒谬，正确的主语应该是report。

D. 【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but with a reduced risk of heart disease linked in a 1991 report with moderate alcohol consumption, in particular （少了of）red wine, 【they 代词太远】 began growing again （×）
red wine不能同位修饰alcohol consumption，要在red wine前面加上of；
they began growing中的they离其指代对象sales过远。

E. 【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but a reduced 【risk 主语错误】of heart disease linked to moderate alcohol consumption in a 1991 report, and in particular red wine, started 【them指代不清】them growing again （×）
in a 1991 report有修饰moderate alcohol consumption的歧义，好像consumption是发生在report里，还是A 的表达最为明确；
in particular red wine无法修饰alcohol consumption，概念不同；
start的主语是risk错误；start them中的them指代不清。

【引用】
B: a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine，结构上red wine做同位语，等于及进一步解释说明名词或句子，先行名词是alcohol consumption，红酒不等于酒精消费，应改为particularly the consumption of red wine，或particularly of red wine

and连接两个分句，第二个分句是第一个分句的补充或进一步说明，可译为“又 ”、“同时”等。如：

If you want to be thinner and healthier, you have to eat less food - and you also have to take more exercise. 如果你想既苗条又健康，你就得少吃食物——同时，你还得多进行运动。

B 选项 red wine和 consumption 不能作同位语

A：and particularly of red wine中去掉and也是对的（and可放在插入语前，不影响逻辑）。

B：begin随语境不同其约束力也不同。当特别强调一个具体时间节点时，约束力强。

B，a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine，结构上red wine做同位语，等于及进一步解释说明名词或句子，先行名词是alcohol consumption，红酒不等于酒精消费，应改为particularly the consumption of red wine，或particularly of red wine ；they指代离主句太远了。

B 选项 red wine和 consumption 不能作同位语

B，a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine，结构上red wine做同位语，等于及进一步解释说明名词或句子，先行名词是alcohol consumption，红酒不等于酒精消费，应改为particularly the consumption of red wine，或particularly of red wine

A、Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease. After后面竟然可以加名词。

在习语上，begin to do和begin doing都是常见的，并且经常被认为相等。但其实，两者有明显的使用区别。begin doing一般是从第三方的角度描述doing这一事件，并不强调这件事的始发时间点。

简单题！错！

考点：语意；begin to grow 和 begin growing的区别！
ab选项的区别：
1.
begin to do强调始发时间点，尤其是一个转折，适用于题中情况，标志就是“after the 1991”；如
After scoring 760 in GMAT, Jack began to applicate his dream school.
该例句表明，在考了760分后，杰克开始申请他最想去的学校了，强调了在某个时间点后，杰克开始做申请这件事。

begin doing不强调始发时间点；如：
In 1990, Jack began playing the guitar. 不强调begin这个动作开始的时间点。

2. link a with b；应该是link喝酒到一个较低的risk，不能是link一个较低的risk到喝酒上，这点ab选项有不同，要仔细辨别为什么会有这种不同以及怎么选。
3. they作为代词，要尽量靠近指代的词，b中they离“Sales of wines”太远了

the 1991 report=the report in 1991

and除了可以做并列连词，还有其他语意：
补充语意起强调作用，如：
You have to send in the application and without delay．
He can express his ideas in English and effectively．
The third and last point is how to be a good student．
表接下来，然后，如：
Persevere，and you will succeed．
表对比，如：
Mary likes music and Jim is fond of sports．

本题，linked the consumption of alcohol, and particularly the consumption of red wine，and起补充说明的作用

B，after the report，sales began growing
D，with a reduced risk linked with moderate alcohol consumption，sales began growing 伴随着减少的风险与适度的酒精消耗相连接，销售增长。
这里应该还是要讲是因为报告导致销量增加。”因为减少的风险导致销量增加“不够妥当，只是报告里说风险会减少，至于事实上会不会减少，尚未可知。

这里用to do比用doing好，句子说之前销量不咋滴，就因为一份报告，销量开始增长，说明报告的存在引起了销量状态的改变，用to do。

啊啊啊，错了八百遍to do和doing的题。错选B，两个错误，1，began to do强调在某一个时间点后，这里是after report之后。begin doing只是从第三方角度说开始了个什么事。所以本题begin to do更加
2. red wine作为同位语与前边的alcohol同等地位，前边说的是consumption，但是red wine不是consumption！！！