on hearing一听到，
on hearing, in 1609, that such an optical instrument had been made这句是he quickly built his own device from an organ pipe and spectacle lenses的状语

很多的工人都抱怨说在目前的最低工资标准下，已经无法维持生存了。因此政府决定要上调最低工资标准。但是boss说上调最低工资标准之后将会导致失业率上升，因为无法雇佣这么多的员工。问削弱。
前提是现在已经活不下去了呀，那么工人就可能会辞职去找别的工作，工人辞职之后boss还不是得重新雇人，可能会花更多的钱，这才有A选项当中的employment cost一说，这里有个假设的场景没有说，就是不涨工资工人会辞职，老板要重新花钱雇人。个人感觉employment cost不是指的福利、津贴那些额外成本吧。

ADE: if active, (then) active (not passive); if passive, (then) passive

the behavior of sloth bear cubs, which on their mother's back at the first sign of danger, suggests that predation was a key stimulus.
A：只说“Because sloth bears are smaller than brown and polar bears and are under greater threat from dangerous animals”，与被动是不一样的

态度+同义替换

第一段：d-s提升adhere可能性
第二段：这一过程也会被其他因素影响
examine：审查，与qualify的意思有点相近，第二段是补充，让第一段更完整

because those involved in the decision-making may be more committed to the chosen course of action, thereby increasing the likelihood that organizations will subsequently adhere to their plans.
同义替换，即参与的人会更支持计划，所以提升了整体的支持率

第二道题题情况相似：平均征地开矿价格下降可能是1）技术提高效率，或是 2）征地开矿时耗费的总代价降低。题中已经说明技术没有变，那只能是征地开矿总耗费降低。直接在答案中找，发现在山区征用要比平地要贵，那么如果减少或放弃征用山地，那征地开矿总费用自然就降下来了。这样以征用平地为主的开矿方式，自然使征地开矿的均价降了下来。

qualify：限定/使具有资格...
E不是第二段首句的作用，可以说是第二段后面的作用了

B： But labor costs and labor rates are not in fact the same，同义替换
E：只说会与竞争者比较rates，以及会把costs和rates搞混，没有说会用costs计算竞争者的rates

cutting wages appears an easier way to control costs than such options as reconfiguring work processes or altering product design.
同义替换

第三段：Comparable worth pay adjustments 的确是惯例. 因为原则, 其他命令（用来减小或消除男女之间收入差的）尚未能修复男女之间从事不同工作的人的收入差。但是，当 comparable worth 原则运用在 pay schedules时, perceived unjustified pay differences 被消除了。从这个意义上讲，comparable worth比其他命令更全面, such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 这两个ACT都没有比较不同岗位的工作内容，没有尽力确定被用来完成这些工作内容的是否仅限于对于雇主的金钱价值。另一方面，同一工作内容、不同岗位的人要求相似的训练。努力、技能/肩负同等责任/环境对于员工的影响相同/对于雇主的金钱价值相似，这些都是Comparable worth的前提。

B.Whether the size of the deer tick population is currently limited by the availability of animals for the tick's larval stage to feed on
选项意思是：在现阶段，鹿虱子的数量是否受到鹿虱子的幼虫能够吃到的食物数量的限制。

如果回答“是”，现阶段确实受到限制，那么即使出现结论中说的“the population of these other species were increased”（增加其它物种数量），鹿虱子也不会因为多吃了其它物种而少吃infected white-footed mice，因为鹿虱子本来就不够东西吃。

如果回答“不是”，那么鹿虱子本来是够东西吃的，增加其它食物就会减少鹿虱子吃mice的可能。

第一段：Comparable worth是一个消除收入不平等的标准，坚持同种工作内容、不同岗位的价值是相同的。近几十年，这已经成了重大政策话题，很多私有企业，以及政府都采用comparable worth policies或是考虑启用它。
第二段：广泛的由来已久的对comparable worth的认知，标志着对于劳动市场中收入不平等的日渐上升的公众认识。所谓收入不平等，指的是，收入不能真正反应一个工作的价值。However转折，问题依然存在：平等收入已经是惯例了，还是不持续的？雇主的特权是否让女性员工误以为她们已经获得长期的收入平等了？

rs + r=r(s+1)-->odd, then r and S+1 both are odd. then S is even.

choice a 除了上面毕出的分析错误之外，还有一个错误，'half of which' should be followed by a working verb rather than a participial, 所以应该是half of which went to United States.
choice e 当时是应为后面那半段prep. phrase ',with almost half going to United States'不能理解，其实是可以的。其他例子：
-In little more than a decade, Argentina has become the world’s leading exporter of honey, selling to foreign markets nearly 90,000 tons a year, half (of them) going to United States.

Assumption question, use Negation Test.
-choice e: Most of the viewers who tuned in to the candidate's half-hour-long advertisement last year did not change channels after the first few minutes.
-if they change channels after the first few minutes, the conclusion that people are interested in lengthy televised political messages is killed.

Halley's comet caused such a worldwide sensation (in no other historical sighting) as (in its return of 1910–1911) as Halley's Comet caused in its return in 1910-1911.
做题的难点一个在于句意的理解，一个是句子结构，即使可以看出倒装还是很难选择正确的选项。

细节题，先准确定位，然后完全根据文章的细节来，文章说什么就是什么 -- D 选项，文章并没有说women影响了men的voting behavior, 但确实说了confer moral standing on the party

这题错误，因为我对最后两段的理解出现了问题。 最后两段讲的是，DNA证明species 是evolved independently. 所以，不同岛上相同类型的蜥蜴DNA差异还是很大的。